知己彼,方谋合:创新绩效反馈对企业研发合作的影响

Cooperation is Possible with the Understanding of the Others and Oneself:The Influence of Innovation Performance Feedback on Enterprise R&D Cooperation

绩效反馈在企业行为决策中发挥重要作用。基于2010—2020年中国A股计算机、通信和其它电子设备制造业上市公司样本数据,探讨创新绩效反馈(以创新结果测度的细化绩效反馈)对企业研发合作的影响,以及企业研发强度对两者关系的调节作用,进一步比较上述影响在不同性质企业(国有企业与非国有企业、家族企业与非家族企业)中的异同。结果发现:历史、行业创新绩效期望落差对企业研发合作具有负向影响,历史、行业创新绩效期望顺差对企业研发合作具有正向影响。企业研发强度正向调节历史、行业创新绩效期望落差与企业研发合作间的负相关关系,正向调节历史、行业创新绩效期望顺差与企业研发合作间的正相关关系。在拓展性分析中,与非国有企业相比,国有企业创新绩效期望顺差对研发合作的正向影响更显著,其落差的负向影响也更显著。与非家族企业相比,家族企业创新绩效期望顺差对研发合作广度的正向影响更显著,对研发合作深度的影响较小;家族企业创新绩效期望落差对研发合作广度的负向影响更显著,对研发合作深度的负向影响较小。结论具有明确的企业创新活动指向性,有利于丰富企业研发合作决策情景。

Performance feedback is conducive for enterprises to"understanding themselves and their competitors"so as to occupy a favorable position in the fierce competition.It represents the gap or surplus between the actual performance level and the expected performance level of enterprises in the production and operation processes,and has reference values for the development of enterprises.According to the types of expectation level,performance feedback can be divided into historical performance feedback and industry performance feedback.The history performance feedback is based on the previous performance of an enterprise itself,while the industry performance feedback is based on the performance of its competitors in the same industry.Existing studies have verified that both kinds of performance feedback have significant impacts on enterprises behaviors.On the impact of performance feedback on enterprise innovation behaviors,most existing studies measure performance feedback based on financial indicators.However,for the exploration of enterprise innovation activities,the performance feedback measured by innovation results has clear directivity,and thus there is the need to provide more accurate decision-making references for enterprise innovation.R&D cooperation is an important behavior for enterprises to"go global"and one of the key factors that determine enterprise innovation capability and competitiveness.Although R&D cooperation provides the advantages of knowledge and information resources for enterprises,it also brings corresponding management costs and risks.Therefore,when enterprises face different innovation performance feedback,how should they weigh the costs and benefits of R&D cooperation and adjust their R&D cooperation?It's worth investigating.By screening Chinese A-share listed companies in the computer,communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries from 2010 to 2020,this paper obtains 2748 unbalanced panel data of 434 listed companies.The influences of innovation performance feedback including history and gap,the industry innovation performance surplus and gap on R&D cooperation are tested by using the two-way fixed effect models.The moderating effect of R&D intensity on the relationship between innovation performance feedback and R&D cooperation is then verified.In the robustness test,the reliability of research results is tested by changing the measurement methods for history and industry innovation performance feedback.In the further analysis,group regressions are carried out for state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises to verify the differential impact of innovation performance feedback on different types of enterprises.Group regressions are also carried out for family enterprises and non-family enterprises.Results show that innovation performance expectation gaps including the dimensions of history and industry negatively affect enterprise's R&D cooperation,and innovation performance expectation surplus positively affects enterprise's R&D cooperation;enterprise's R&D intensity positively moderates the negative effect of innovation performance expectation gap on R&D cooperation,and enterprise's R&D intensity also positively moderates the positive effect of innovation performance expectation surplus on R&D cooperation.In the expanded analysis,compared with non-state-owned enterprises,the innovation performance expectation surplus of state-owned enterprises has a greater positive impact on R&D cooperation,and also a greater negative impact when it falls;compared with non-family enterprises,the innovation performance expectations surplus of family enterprises has a great positive impact on the breadth of R&D cooperation but a smaller impact on the depth of R&D cooperation,while their expectation gaps have a greater negative impact on the breadth of R&D cooperation and a smaller negative impact on the depth of R&D cooperation.This paper first broadens the research perspective of performance feedback theory with focus on the detailed object of performance feedback measured by innovation indicators,and elaboration of its influence on R&D cooperation.Second,the dimension of innovation performance expectation is refined by the research model,including the history and industry innovation performance feedback,innovation performance expectation surplus and gap.Third,in order to make up for the lack of explorations on the antecedents of R&D cooperation,this study focuses on the mechanism of innovation performance feedback,one of the antecedents of R&D cooperation,and enriches the perspective of research on the antecedents of R&D cooperation.Fourth,enterprises are divided into state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises(family enterprises and non-family enterprises),and the differences of their innovation performance feedback on their R&D cooperation are explored to provide more targeted guidance.