以被害预防宣传为中心的电信诈骗治理新路径探析

Analysis of new approaches to the governance of telecommunications fraud centered on victim prevention publicity

当前,电信诈骗犯罪治理模式呈现破案率低、追赃困难、治理成本高等现实问题。疏解这一难题,需要从根本上扭转工作思路,改变以犯罪人为中心的刑事司法观念。鉴于电信诈骗犯罪的独特性,在犯罪人与被害人之间互动关系研究中,应充分认识到,只有给予不同类型被害人差异化警示,才能达到最佳被害预防效果。应当依据被害人学理论,以加强事前预防阶段对潜在被害人的宣传教育为核心治理手段,结合不同年龄人群的特点,分别制定针对性宣传方案,实现被害预防性宣传前、中、后三阶段全覆盖,构建反电信诈骗差异化宣传体系。

Currently,the governance model of telecommunications fraud crime presents real problems such as low detection rate,difficulty in recovering stolen goods and high governance costs.To resolve this problem,we need to fundamentally change our working concepts and change the concept of criminal justice that centers on criminals.In view of the uniqueness of telecommunications fraud crimes,when studying the interactive relationship between offenders and victims,it should be fully recognized that the best victim prevention effect can only be achieved by giving differentiated warnings to different types of victims.Based on the theory of victimology,we should strengthen the publicity and education of potential victims in the pre-prevention stage as the core management method,and formulate targeted publicity plans based on the characteristics of different age groups to achieve full coverage of the three stages of victimization prevention publicity before,during and after the crimes,to build a differentiated publicity system against telecommunications fraud.