冀西北寒旱区不同鲜食玉米品种秸秆饲用品质特性研究

Study on Feeding Quality Characteristics of Straw of Different Fresh Corn Varieties in Cold and Arid Regions of Northwest Hebei Province

为筛选出适宜冀西北寒旱区种植的高产优质饲用鲜食玉米品种,研究13个鲜食玉米品种采穗后秸秆的营养品质、粗饲料品质、产量,并采用聚类分析法对其饲用品质进行综合评价。结果表明,不同鲜食玉米品种秸秆的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量在36.22%~53.68%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量在23.19%~30.73%,粗蛋白(CP)含量在6.29%~8.96%,淀粉(ST)含量在12.23%~43.28%,粗灰分(CA)含量在8.26%~10.31%,粗脂肪(CF)含量在0.81%~1.51%;秸秆粗饲料的饲料相对值(RFV)在113.78%~179.60%,粗饲料品质分级指数(GI)在6.83~21.32 MJ;收获时单株绿叶数在9.33~15.33片,鲜秸秆产量在19.20~64.47 t/hm^(2),干秸秆产量在4.04~12.47 t/hm^(2)。对秸秆营养品质、粗饲料品质和产量性状的12个指标进行聚类分析,在欧式距离约为11时可将品种分为4类,其中,WCN6、WXN2000两个品种采穗后秸秆的CP、ST和CF等营养物质含量较高,平均分别为8.91%、40.12%和1.49%;影响动物采食的NDF和ADF等纤维类物质含量较低,平均分别为36.75%和23.77%;CA含量较低,平均为8.33%;RFV均为特级,GI均为2级;鲜秸秆和干秸秆产量较高,平均分别为53.00 t/hm^(2)和10.63 t/hm^(2)。综上,WCN6和WXN2000两个品种采穗后秸秆的综合饲用价值较高,适宜作为食饲两用优质品种在冀西北地区推广种植。

In order to select high⁃yield and high⁃quality fresh corn varieties suitable for feeding and planting in the cold and arid areas of northwest Hebei,the nutritional quality,roughage quality and yield of straw after harvesting of 13 fresh corn varieties were studied,and their feeding quality was comprehensively evaluated using cluster analysis method.The results showed that the neutral detergent fiber(NDF)content of straw from different fresh corn varieties ranged from 36.22% to 53.68%,acid detergent fiber(ADF)content ranged from 23.19% to 30.73%,crude protein(CP)content ranged from 6.29% to 8.96%,starch(ST)content ranged from 12.23%to 43.28%,crude ash(CA)content ranged from 8.26% to 10.31%,and crude fat(CF)content ranged from 0.81%to 1.51%;The relative feed value(RFV)of straw roughage ranged from 113.78%to 179.60%,and the grading index(GI)of roughage quality ranged from 6.83 to 21.32 MJ;When harvested,the number of green leaves per plant ranged from 9.33 to 15.33,the fresh straw yield ranged from 19.20 to 64.47 t/ha,and the dry straw yield ranged from 4.04 to 12.47 t/ha.Cluster analysis was conducted on 12 indicators of straw nutritional quality,roughage quality and yield traits.With a Euclidean distance of about 11,13 varieties were divided into 4 categories.Among them,WCN6 and WXN2000 had higher CP,ST and CF contents in straw after harvesting,with averages of 8.91%,40.12% and 1.49%,respectively;The contents of fiber substances such as NDF and ADF that affect animal feeding were relatively lower,with averages of 36.75% and 23.77%,respectively;The CA content was relatively lower,with an average of 8.33%;RFV belonged to special grade,and GI belonged to grade 2;The yields of fresh and dry straw were relatively higher,with averages of 53.00 t/ha and 10.63 t/ha,respectively.In summary,WCN6 and WXN2000 have higher comprehensive feeding value of straw after harvesting,suitable for promoting and planting as high-quality varieties for both food and feed in the northwest region of Hebei Province.