近代以来日本学界阳明学解读的文脉

The Contextual Evolution of Interpretations of Japanese Academic Discourse on Wang Yangming's Thought since Modern Times

近代以来的日本阳明学研究可分为三个阶段:第一阶段,从明治时期到二战结束,这一阶段学者或将日本阳明学视作“明治维新的精神动力”,或将其作为“东洋文化”的一部分加以否定;第二阶段,二战后到20世纪70年代,这一阶段学者从近代化角度为阳明学赋予积极意义,代表人物是岛田虔次;第三阶段,20世纪80年代以来,以沟口雄三为代表的学者认为日本根本就不存在阳明学。近代日本阳明学解读的变化与日本在各历史时期所面临的时代课题密切相关,既受到日本极端民族主义的影响,又反映了日本在西方与中华两种强势文明之间难以自处的复杂心态。当代学人应辩证地看待近代日本学者的相关研究,在东亚思想史的内在脉络中考察东亚阳明学乃至东亚儒学的特点,从而为客观认识东亚传统文化提供有益启示。

The study of Wang Yangming's thought in modern Japan can be delineated across four distinct phases.In the first phase,figures such as Miyake Setsurei,Takase Bujirou,and Inoue Tetsujirou regarded Japanese Wang Yangming 's thought as a spirit driving force behind the Meiji Restoration.In the second phase,Tsuda Sayoichi negated Japanese Wang Yangming's thought as an integral part of“Eastern culture.”The third phase saw Shimada Kenji attributing a positive significance to Wang Yangming's thought from the perspective of“modernization.”In the fourth phase,Mizoguchi Yuzo asserted the fundamental absence of Wang Yangming's thought in Japan.The metamorphosis in the interpretation of modern Japanese Wang Yangming's thought closely correlates with the temporal challenges faced by Japan in different historical periods.It not only succumbed to the influence of extreme nationalism but also revealed Japan's intricate psychology in grappling with the complex juxtaposition of Western and Sino-centric civilizations.Contemporary scholars should dialectically approach the relevant studies by modern Japanese academics,scrutinizing the characteristics of East Asian Wang Yangming' s thought,and even East Asian Confucianism,within the intrinsic framework of East Asian intellectual history.Thus,these endeavors can furnish valuable insights for an objective comprehension of East Asian traditional culture.