石墨烯纳米带的制备技术及应用研究现状

Current Status of Preparation Technology and Application of Graphene Nanoribbons

石墨烯具有优异的力学、电学、光学、热学等物理性质,是当前新型材料的研究热点之一,被广泛应用在导电薄膜、储能元件、药物载体以及锂电池等领域。然而,石墨烯无带隙的特点限制其更广泛的应用,因此,通过技术手段打开石墨烯带隙成为学者们亟待解决的新问题。将石墨烯制成石墨烯纳米带(Graphene nanoribbons,GNRs)是打开其带隙的可行办法。因此,本文梳理了制备GNRs的不同方法,综述了其制备原理和研究进展,并对比了其优点和不足,提出了将不同方法的优点相互结合的复合制备方法,以实现可控、高效、高质量制备GNRs,最后介绍了GNRs在高性能传感器、场效应晶体管和光电探测器领域应用的研究进展和未来发展趋势。这对GNRs进一步应用在纳米器件中有一定的指导意义。

Graphene has excellent mechanical,electrical,optical,thermal,and other physical properties,and it is a popular research subject in new materials.Graphene is used in conductive films,energy-storage devices,drug carriers,lithium batteries,and other fields.However,the characteristics of graphene material without a band gap limit its wider application,therefore,opening the graphene band gap through technical means has become a new problem to be solved.Making graphene into GNRs(graphene nanoribbons)is a feasible way to open its band gap,thus different methods of preparing GNRs are summarized in this paper.The preparation principle and research progress are reviewed,the advantages and disadvantages are compared,and a composite preparation method combining the advantages of different methods is proposed to realize the controllable,efficient,and high-quality preparation of GNRs.Finally,the research progress and future development trend of GNRs in high-performance sensors,field-effect transistors,and photodetectors are introduced.This research has certain guiding significance for the further application of GNRs in nano devices.