“非经典”分子筛——物质高效分离新技术研究综述

Non-classical Molecular Sieves:A Review on Novel Methods of Efficient Chemical Separation

分子筛是一种具有孔道结构,能够选择性分离小分子的固体物质。经典的分子筛已经得到深入而透彻的研究,但还存在局限性,如无法分离物理性质相似的物质等。近年来,科学家开始关注“非经典”的物质分离方法,取得的成果包括多孔薄膜、多孔液体以及笼形分子等,其中有些方法或能大大降低工业生产的成本,甚至对社会经济发展带来重大影响。本文即对这些新兴的方法进行一一讨论,并对该领域的研究进行展望。

Molecular sieves,a type of material with porous structure,are able to separate small molecules.Classical molecular sieves have been investigated thoroughly,but they have limitations as well.For example,they are unable to separate chemicals with similar physical properties.In recent years,scientists have begun to focus on“nonclassical”methods for chemical separation.Many achievements have been made,such as microporous membranes,porous liquid and cage-like molecules.Some of these methods may greatly reduce the cost of industrial production and even have a great influence on social and economic development.In this review,the novel methods are discussed,and the development trend of this research field is provided.