西部欠发达地区学校社会工作的实践困境与突破策略

Practical Dilemmas and Breakthrough Strategies of School Social Work in the Less Developed Western Region

学校社会工作是社会工作的重要实务领域之一,我国西部欠发达地区正积极推动社会工作进入学校场域,如何充分发挥学校社会工作的专业力量是一个值得关注的议题。文章通过观察云南省L学校的专业实践,基于社会工作系统视角,分析学校社会工作在开展过程中所面临的改变媒介系统、服务对象系统、目标系统以及行动系统的实践困境,进而探讨学校社会工作专业实践的突破策略。研究发现,受到社会工作人才稀缺、社会工作认知度低、社会工作发展环境条件有限、社会工作与学校内部理念差异大等因素的影响,学校社会工作在西部欠发达地区的开展面临较大挑战。基于此,可以采取为上述四个基本社会工作系统增能的方式,从重视当地人才队伍的培育、提高社会工作认知度、改善社会工作发展环境、输入社会工作价值理念等方面入手突破困境,推动学校社会工作在西部欠发达地区落地与发展。

School social work is one of the important practice areas of social work,and the less developed areas in the west of China are actively promoting social work to enter the school field,so how to give full play to the professional power of school social work is a topic of concern.Observing the professional practice of L-schools in Yunnan Province and adopting the social work systemic perspective,we analyze the practice dilemmas of changing the media system,the service object system,the target system,and the action system faced by school social work.Further to that,we explore the breakthrough strategies in social work professional practice.The study found that the development of school social work in the western less-developed regions faces greater challenges due to factors such as the scarcity of social work talents,the low awareness of social work,the limited environmental conditions for social work development,and the big difference in philosophies between social work and schools.Based on this,we adopt the approach of enhancing the capacity of the above four basic social work systems to break through the dilemmas by emphasizing the cultivation of local talents,raising the awareness of social work,improving the development environment of social work,and importing the value concepts of social work,so as to promote the landing and development of school social work in the western lessdeveloped regions.