欧洲神话中的苹果意象研究

A Study of Apple Imagery in European Mythology

苹果不仅是一种深受民众喜爱的水果,同时也是欧洲文化中一个重要的文化符号,具有深远的影响力。作为一种文化象征,苹果意象在欧洲文化中存在了数千年。从最早的古希腊神话、北欧神话到后来的基督教文化,及至当代的流行文化,都普遍存在苹果意象。文章旨在通过对欧洲古代神话中苹果意象的梳理,分析苹果作为文化意象所具有的5种象征意义,即超自然力量的宝物、爱情与婚姻、长生不老与青春、纷争与不和,以及抵御饥饿的食物。通过对古代欧洲社会的考察,该文探析欧洲苹果意象产生及广泛存在的主要原因,分别是苹果的传播历程、印欧语族的迁徙历史及欧洲自然与环境的影响。

Apple is not only a popular fruit among the public,but also an important cultural symbol in European culture,with profound influence.As a cultural symbol,the apple image has existed in European culture for thousands of years.From the earliest ancient Greek mythology,Norse mythology to the later Christian culture,and to the contemporary popular culture,the image of apple is widespread.The article aims to analyze the five symbolic meanings of apples as cultural images in ancient European mythology,namely the treasure of supernatural power,love and marriage,immortality and youth,conflict and discord,and food to resist hunger.By examining ancient European society,this article explores the main reasons for the emergence and widespread existence of the European apple image,including the spread history of apples,the migration history of the Indo-European language family,and the influence of European nature and environment.