调理剂对酸性富硒土壤改良效果的初步研究

Improvement Effect of Different Conditioners on Acidic Selenium-rich Soil

为探讨不同土壤调理剂对酸性富硒土壤的改良效果,采用盆栽试验方式,对利川地区酸性富硒土壤施用T_(1):钙镁磷肥(6 g/kg)、T_(2):钙镁磷肥(6 g/kg)+小麦生物炭(2.4 g/kg)、T_(3):过磷酸钙(6 g/kg)、T_(4):过磷酸钙(6 g/kg)+小麦生物炭(2.4 g/kg)、T_(5):生石灰(6 g/kg)+小麦生物炭(2.4 g/kg)等5种处理,研究各处理对试验土壤的pH值、硒形态、有效硒含量以及水稻的籽粒硒含量、根系硒含量、生长发育的影响。结果表明,5种处理对提高土壤pH值均有极显著效果(P<0.01),各处理效果依次为T_(5)>T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(4)>CK(对照组,不施调理剂),以T_(5)处理的效果最好,pH值从5.65(CK)提高至6.77;5种处理对提高土壤有效硒含量有显著效果(P<0.05),各处理效果依次为T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(5)>CK,以T_(4)处理的效果最好,有效硒含量从7.67μg/kg(CK)提高至12.49μg/kg;5种处理对提高水稻籽粒和根系硒含量有显著效果(P<0.05),各处理效果依次为T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(5)>CK,以T_(4)处理的效果最好,水稻籽粒硒含量较CK提高0.38 mg/kg,增长111.8%;水稻根系硒含量较CK提高0.37 mg/kg,增长56.9%;5种处理对水稻生长发育具有积极影响,以T_(5)处理的表现最优,株高、分蘖数、叶绿素和千粒重均显著高于CK(P<0.05)。针对利川地区酸性富硒土壤,推荐配施生石灰与小麦生物炭来改良土壤,但具体用量需结合大田试验进一步验证。

In order to explore the improvement effect of different soil conditioners on acidic selenium-rich soil,five treatments were applied to selenium-rich soil in Lichuan area,including T_(1):calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer(6 g/kg),T_(2):calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer(6 g/kg)+wheat biochar(2.4 g/kg),T_(3):superphosphate(6 g/kg),T_(4):superphosphate(6 g/kg)+wheat biochar(2.4 g/kg),T_(5):quicklime(6 g/kg)+wheat biochar(2.4 g/kg).The effects of each treatment on soil pH,selenium morphology,available selenium content,rice grain selenium content,root selenium content and growth and development of the tested soil were studied.The results showed that the five treatments had a significant effect on increasing soil pH(P<0.01),the treatment effects were T_(5)>T_(2)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(4)>CK,T_(5) treatment(quicklime+wheat biochar)had the best effect,increasing soil pH from 5.65(CK)to 6.77.The five treatments could significantly increase the soil available selenium content(P<0.05),the treatment effects were T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(5)>CK,T_(4) treatment was the best,and the soil available selenium increased from 7.67μg/kg to 12.5μg/kg.All the five treatments could significantly increase the selenium content of rice grains and roots(P<0.05),the treatment effects were T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(5)>CK,among which T_(4) treatment had the best effect.The selenium content of rice grains was 0.38 mg/kg higher than that of CK,an increase of 111.8%,the selenium content of rice roots increased by 0.37 mg/kg,an increase of 56.97%;the five treatments had a positive effect on rice growth and development,T_(5) treatment performed the best,the plant height,tillering number,chlorophyll and thousand grain weight were significantly increased compared with the control group(CK)(P<0.05).For the acid selenium-rich soil in Lichuan area,it is recommended to apply lime and wheat biochar to improve the soil,but the specific dosage needs to be further verified in combination with field experiments.