运动性疲劳的分子生物学机制及相关特异性基因靶点的研究进展

Research Progress on the Molecular Biological Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Fatigue and Associated Specific Therapeutic Gene Targets

运动过程中肌肉的最大力量与功率输出、最快收缩速度与力量生成率以及肌肉耐力等特征是影响运动能力的关键因素。而肌肉力量的产生涉及从大脑皮层兴奋到运动单元激活,再到兴奋/收缩耦联等一系列生物级联反应,最终导致肌肉激活。包括内环境失衡与神经调节紊乱、氧化应激与炎症反应、能量代谢稳态调节与运动因子介导的肌肉—器官对话机制(crosstalk)诱发神经内分泌功能重塑过程中的功能障碍等都会影响肌肉力量的产生和维持,并可能最终诱发运动性疲劳(exercise-induced fatigue)。合理的运动训练方式和运动代谢调节及转录调控关键靶点的激活在促进运动适应性变化和预防运动性疲劳发生中起到重要保护作用。本文以运动诱发神经内分泌重塑、运动表观遗传调控关键靶点和运动疲劳相关特异性生物标记物为切入点,对运动性疲劳的分子机制及干预途径进行系统综述,以期为运动性疲劳的早期监测和合理干预提供新的研究思路和理论参考。

The maximal strength and power output,fastest contraction speed and strength generation rate of muscles,as well as muscle endurance,are key factors affecting athletic performance.The generation of muscle strength involves a series of biological cascade reactions,starting from excitations in the cerebral cortex to the activation of motor units and excitation-contraction coupling,ultimately leading to muscle activation.The generation and maintenance of muscle strength can be affected by multiple factors,including the imbalance of the internal environment,disruption of neuromodulation,oxidative stress,and inflammatory reactions,as well as the functional disorders during the process of neuroendocrine remodeling induced by disruption of energy metabolic homeostasis and muscle-organ crosstalk mediated by exerkines,eventually leading to exercise-induced fatigue.Appropriate modalities of exercise training and the activation of key targets responsible for the regulation and transcriptional control in exercise metabolism play a crucial protective role in promoting adaptive changes and preventing exercise-induced fatigue.Taking neuroendocrine remodeling,key targets of exercise epigenetics,and specific biomarkers associated with exercise-induced fatigue as entry points,this article systematically reviews the research progress on the molecular mechanisms and intervention approaches involving exercise-induced fatigue,aiming to provide novel insights and theoretical references for early monitoring and reasonable intervention of exercise-induced fatigue.