早产儿微量营养素管理的研究进展

Management of Micronutrient in Premature Infants

胎儿期和婴儿期是各器官塑造的关键时间窗口,早产儿由于营养贮备水平低下以及身体各系统发育不成熟易出现营养不良,从而导致微量营养素缺乏,与早产儿出现败血症、代谢性骨病,以及晚期代谢性相关疾病息息相关。其中,维生素D、钙、磷、铁、锌、碘、以及镁元素在骨骼系统、神经系统、心血管系统、血液系统等多系统中发挥至关重要的作用。因此,提供适当的营养素以预防营养失调是关键所在。本文将对早产儿中重要微量营养素:维生素D、钙、磷、铁、锌、碘、以及镁元素的来源、需求量、在早产儿中的作用以及现有文献建议剂量进行系统性阐述,以期为早产儿关于微量营养素补充的营养规划提供一定帮助。

Premature infants are vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies due to low nutrient reserves and immaturity of body systems,leading to micronutrient deficiencies associated with sepsis,metabolic bone disease,and late-onset metabolic disease.Among these micronutrients,vitamin D,calcium,phosphorus,iron,zinc,iodine,and magnesium play vital roles in multiple systems,including the skeletal,nervous,cardiovascular,and hematological systems.Therefore,the provision of appropriate nutrients is crucial for the prevention of nutritional disorders.This article systematically reviews the sources,requirements,roles,and recommended dosages of important trace elements,such as vitamin D,calcium,phosphorus,iron,zinc,iodine,and magnesium,in preterm infants,with the aim of offering critical insights into nutritional planning for micronutrient supplementation in preterm infants.