半干旱风沙区“山水林田湖草沙”建设中防护林营建的原理与方法

Shelterbelt construction in the scenario of coordinated development of mountain,river,forest,farmland,lake,grassland,and sandy land ecosystems in semi-arid wind-sand areas:Principles and methods

本文以半干旱风沙区山水林田湖草沙建设中的“防护林”为核心关注点,确立防护林营建的系统观念,阐述防护林营建必须坚持科学统筹、系统治理的原则,以及符合水资源承载力约束、满足沙尘防控需求、保证绿化美化效果、兼顾经济效益提高的原理。具体应以防护林类型与时空配置为基础,采用防护林营建理论与技术,组合形成不同结构和服务功能的防护林类型,实现防护林的功能目标。围绕人、林、草、田、水、沙关键要素,体现营建防护林的时效性、实用性与科学性,提出农田防护林、草牧场防护林、防风固沙林、环村(城)防护林的营建方法,为高质量建设北方绿色生态屏障提供生产技术支撑。

We established the systematic concept framework of shelterbelt construction,with“shelterbelts”as the core concern in the construction of integrated ecosystems including mountain,river,forest,farmland,lake,grassland and sandy-land in semi-arid wind-sand areas.In the construction of shelterbelts,it is necessary to adhere to the principles of scientific coordination and systematic management,considering the carrying capacity of water resources,the demand for dust control,the greening and beautification effects,as well as the principle of improving economic benefits.In practice,the construction methods should base on the types and temporal-spatial distribution of shelterbelts,following the shelterbelts construction theory and technology to form different structure and service functions,achieving the functional goals of shelterbelts.By focusing on the key elements including people,forests,grass,fields,water,and sand,we put forward the timeliness,practicality,and scientificity of shelterbelt construction,proposing construction methods for farmland shelterbelts,pastureland shelterbelts,windbreak and sand-fixing forests and protective forest around village(city),which might provide production technical support for the high-quality construction of green ecological barrier in northern China.