全球结直肠癌流行和防控现状

Current status of global colorectal cancer prevalence, prevention and control

目的对中国和世界各地结直肠癌流行病学简要概述,并探讨如何预防结直肠癌以减轻疾病负担。方法分析GLOBOCAN 2020的官方数据库、国家癌症中心发布的2013—2020年《中国肿瘤登记年报》及第3轮全球癌症生存分析(CONCORD-3)的数据。通过Microsoft Excel 2016及R 4.2.1软件进行数据管理,采用ggplot2包绘制相关图形进行结果展示。结果据估计,2020年全球结直肠癌新发病例数约为1931590例,世标率为19.5/10万,因结直肠癌死亡人数约为935173例,世标率为9.0/10万,结直肠癌发病率和死亡率分别位列全球主要恶性肿瘤的第4位和第3位。中国结直肠癌世标发病率和死亡率分别为17.3/10万和7.8/10万。在发病和死亡趋势方面呈现性别差异,女性发病率和死亡率均呈下降趋势,而男性发病率和死亡率均呈上升趋势。结论全球及中国结直肠癌疾病负担较重,结直肠癌的发生与生理、遗传、行为习惯、生活方式、疾病等因素密切相关。为了以最低的成本更好地控制结直肠癌负担,应采取具体措施减少接触既定的危险因素,将我国三级预防的疾病防控策略与结直肠癌发生的特征因素相结合,可能有效控制结直肠癌发生和死亡。

Objective This paper provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of colorectal cancer in China and around the world,and discusses how to prevent colorectal cancer to reduce its disease burden.Method Using the official database of GLOBOCAN 2020,the China Cancer Registry Annual Report compiled by the National Cancer Center,and data from CONCORD-3.Data management was performed by Microsoft Excel 2016 and R 4.2.1 Relevant graphs were generated using the ggplot2 package for result visualization.Result An estimated 1931590 people were diagnosed with colorectal cancer worldwide in 2020 with an age-standardized incidence rate of 19.5 per 100000.There were about 935173 deaths caused by colorectal cancer internationally,with an age-standardized mortality rate of 9.0 per 100000.Overall,colorectal cancer was the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020.In China,the age-standardized incidence rate and mortality rate of colorectal cancer was 17.3 per 100000 and 7.8 per 100000,respectively.Gender differences in trends were observed,with a decreasing trend in incidence and mortality among females and an increasing trend in incidence and mortality among males.The primary risk factors for colorectal cancer include age,genetic factors,gastrointestinal disorders,dietary habits,and lifestyle et al.Conclusions Colorectal cancer poses a significant burden globally and in China.The occurrence of colorectal cancer is closely related to physiology,genetics,behavioral habits,lifestyle,and disease factors.To better control the colorectal cancer burden with the lowest cost,specific measures should be taken to reduce exposure to established risk factors.By combining the disease prevention and control strategies of tertiary prevention in China with the characteristic factors of colorectal cancer,the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer may be effectively controlled.