论刑法中的“人格评价”及刑事归责的展开

On the“Personality Evaluation”and the Development of Criminal Liability in Chinese Criminal Law

刑法学的发展应当进一步重视行为人的人格评价,以人格评价为实践中特殊案件的从宽处罚提供理论支撑,实现案件办理法理情的统一。刑事归责是综合考虑行为人人格,以确定行为人刑事责任的过程。中国刑法学可以借鉴大陆法系刑法学理论,拓展刑事归责范畴,充实刑事归责要素,建构三重刑事归责构造体系。刑事归责要素包括刑事责任能力、违法性认识、期待可能性、人身危险性。刑事归责论的建构,可以改变中国刑法学体系“平面化”的不足,促进中国刑法学体系中行为与行为人评价的分立。以刑事归责拓深完善刑事责任论后,可以形成定罪-归责-量刑的动态过程,建构犯罪论-刑事责任论-刑罚论的理论板块,完善罪-责-刑的中国刑法学体系。

The development of criminal law should further attach importance to the personality evaluation of the ac⁃tor.Emphasizing the personality evaluation of the actor can provide theoretical support for lenient punishment in special cases in practice,and achieve the unity of legal principles and circumstances in case handling.Criminal attribution is the process of dynamically determining the criminal responsibility of the perpetrator by considering their personality comprehensively.The elements of criminal liability include the capacity of crimi⁃nal liability,the awareness of Criminal defenses,the possibility of expectation,and personal danger.The construction of criminal liability theory can promote the hierarchical progression of behavior and actor evalua⁃tion in the Chinese criminal law system,separate factual judgment from value evaluation,and change the shortcomings of the“flatness”of the Chinese criminal law system.After deepening and improving the theory of criminal responsibility through criminal attribution,a dynamic process of conviction,attribution,and sen⁃tencing can be formed,constructing a theoretical section of crime theory,criminal responsibility theory,and penalty theory,and improving the Chinese criminal law system of crime responsibility punishment.