协助决定行为的私法构造

The Construction of Supported Decision⁃Making in Civil Law

我国《民法典》开大陆法系先河,以第35条第3款肯认协助决定行为的意定效力。然就如何将此一英美法行为概念融入本土制度语境,学理关注甚少,实务经验亦颇为模糊,规范间的体系褶皱有待打理。自我决定本质上来自于主体间性的承认关系,被协助人得以在他者协助中进入承认结构并实现自我决定。私法体系中,协助决定行为系作为交往行为之意思表示,其具有理解能力他在性、协助意思相参性、协助关系互惠性特征。理解能力瑕疵可被协助意思治愈,后者在协助—承认关系中为被协助人内化为自己意思。协助决定行为的构成要件包括:自主使用由语言规则建立符号现象之言说能力;参与社会互动之交往意思;参与法律交往之参与意思;表示行为。协助意思仅作用于参与意思的生成,欠缺任一构成要件行为均不成立。通过区分言说能力与理解能力的规范功能,可以为协助决定行为与各关联制度生成体系衔接的解释方案。

As the pioneer of the continental law worldwide,China's Civil Code for the first time confirmed the in⁃tended effect of an act of Supported Decision⁃Making in the Article 35(3).However,little attention has been paid to the question of how to integrate this common law concept into the local institutional context in aca⁃demic filed.The self⁃determination is essentially derived from the recognition among different individual per⁃sons,in which mental disabilities enter the recognition structure and realize self⁃determination by the act of Supported Decision⁃Making.The act of Supported Decision⁃Making is the expression of intent during the process of interpersonal communication,which is characterized by the otherness of capacity of comprehen⁃sion,the intersectionality of the supported⁃will,and the reciprocity of the supported⁃relationship.The defec⁃tive comprehension⁃capacity can be compensated by supporter's supported⁃will,which is transformed into the supported person's own meaning in the support⁃recognition relationship.There are essentially three internal components of the act of Supported Decision⁃Making:the capacity to speak autonomously using symbolic phenomena established by language rules;the intent to participate in the social interaction;and the intent to participate in the legal interaction.The supported⁃will only takes effect in the formation of the intent of partic⁃ipation.The act of Supported Decision⁃Making cannot be supported by law if lacking any of the component addressed above.The distinction between the capacity to speak and to comprehend is used to create a system⁃ic interpretive scheme for the application of the norms between the act of Supported Decision⁃Making and other associated systems.