机动车减污降碳综合评价体系综述

Review of Comprehensive Evaluation System of Vehicle Pollution and Carbon Synergistic Reduction

机动车排放已成为我国大气污染的重要来源之一,推动机动车减污降碳工作是助力区域环境质量改善和双碳目标实现的关键.构建全面科学的机动车减污降碳协同评价体系和量化方法,是科学有效开展机动车减污降碳工作的重要前提.全面综述现有大气减污降碳协同性评价和综合环境效益核算方法,在此基础上聚焦机动车排放特征,系统梳理机动车协同减排评价关键指标,并从健康暴露成本、气候变化影响成本和污染物治理成本这3个方面综述政策效果的量化方法,可为相关减排政策的制定、方案的组合选取及其效果评估提供理论支持.未来机动车协同减排评估研究应加快建立统一指标体系、深入分析环境效益的空间分布、重点关注机动车电动化导致的污染转移问题和探究极端天气的气候变化成本量化方法.

Vehicle emissions have become one of the most important air pollution sources in China.Promoting vehicle synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon is the key to improving regional environmental quality and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.Building a collaborative evaluation system and comprehensive quantitative method is an important prerequisite for scientific and effective implementation of vehicle pollution and carbon synergistic reduction.Therefore,it is significant to extensively review existing synergistic evaluation methods and comprehensive environmental benefit accounting methods of atmospheric pollution and carbon reduction.On this basis,we focused on vehicle emission characteristics,systematically organized the key indicators of vehicle collaborative reduction evaluation,and summarized quantitative methods of policy effects from three aspects(health exposure cost,climate change cost,and pollutant control cost),to provide theoretical support for policy formulation,schemes selection,and their effect evaluation.For the future,the assessment of vehicle coordinated emission reduction is proposed to accelerate unified index system establishment,deeply analyze the spatial distribution of environmental benefits,focus on the pollution transfer caused by vehicle electrification,and explore the quantitative methods of climate change cost due to extreme weather.