分割数据产权的不适性——转向基于模块理论的数据持有权

在数据经济时代,释放数据价值的方式是利益相关者为共同目标而协作使用数据,并非分割数据的使用。因此,不可将数据二十条中涉数据产权内容理解为三权分置,这既不符合财产法原理也不符合数据价值创造和实现方式。就制度设计而言,应以模块原理构建数据产权制度。模块原理是标准化思维的产物,是一种利益相关者协同治理的产权形态,可为各利益相关者和整个数据生态系统创造价值,此为分割产权所不能及。数据持有权是模块结构的应用产物,因其制度设计旨在激励利益相关者治理数据从而生产出可交易数据,与数据价值创造和实现方式相契合。其中,可交易数据的流通是连接整个模块的核心,数据持有权利规范是整个模块治理的核心。

In the era of data economy,the way to unlock the value of data is to use data by stakeholders collaboratively for a common goal,rather than splitting the use of data.Therefore,the content of data property rights in the"Twenty Article on Data"cannot be understood as the separation of three rights,because it is neither in line with the principles of property law nor with the way in which data value is created and realized.In terms of system design,the data property rights system should be constructed based on the module principle.The module principle is the product of standardization thinking,a property right form that is collaboratively governed by stakeholders.It can create value for each stakeholder and the entire data ecosystem.This is not possible with divided property rights.Data possession right is the application of the modular structure.Its system design aims to encourage the stakeholders to manage data to produce tradable data,which is consistent with the way data value is created and realized.Among them,the circulation of tradable data is the core connecting the entire module,and the norms on data possession right is the core of the governance of the entire module.