论地方性法规的空间效力

On the Spatial Effectiveness of Local Regulations

地方性法规的空间效力是指地方性法规在什么空间范围内具有法律效力。地方性法规的空间效力可以分为“整体效力”“局部效力”“特定效力”和“区外效力”四种形式,其中“区外效力”是地方性法规的空间效力最鲜明的效力特征。我国现行宪法、立法法和有关法律并没有确立地方性法规的一般性空间效力,只是对“局部效力”和“特定效力”在制度上加以明确,对于地方性法规在“本行政区域”之外是否具有法律效力没有作出禁止性规定。从经济特区法规、自治条例和单行条例的立法程序来看,都不能作出否定地方性法规所具有的“区外效力”的结论。地方性法规的“区外效力”在横向和纵向两个方面进行效力延伸,横向空间效力是指地方性法规在其他行政区域的法律效力,纵向空间效力是指地方性法规能否约束中央层面的执法和司法审判机构。根据中国法的“域外适用”理论和政策要求,在确保地方性法规的合宪性、合法性前提下,地方性法规的“区外效力”应当得到制度的肯定和支持。

The effectiveness of local regulations in space refers to the spatial area within which local regulations have legal effect.The spatial effectiveness of local regulations can be divided into"overall effectiveness","partial effectiveness","specific effectiveness"and"extra-area effectiveness".Among them,"extra-area effectiveness"is the most distinctive feature of the spatial effectiveness of local regulations.China's current Constitution,Legislative Law and relevant laws do not establish the general spatial effect of local regulations,rather they only make institutional clarifications on"partial effect"and"specific effect".There are no prohibitive provisions on whether it has legal effect outside"this administrative region".From the legislative procedures of special economic zone regulations,autonomy regulations and separate regulations,it cannot be concluded that the"extra-area effectiveness"of local regulations can be denied.The"extra-area effectiveness"of local regulations includes the extension of effectiveness in both horizontal and vertical aspects.Horizontal spatial effectiveness refers to the legal effectiveness of local regulations in other administrative regions,and vertical spatial effectiveness refers to whether local regulations can constrain the central law enforcement and adjudication departments.According to the"extraterritorial application"theory and policy requirements of Chinese law,to ensure the constitutionality and legality of local regulations,the"extra-area effectiveness"should be affirmed and supported.