需要与平等:两种正义观中的共同富裕

On Need and Equality:Common Prosperity within Two Conceptions of Justice

共同富裕理论中存在着需要与平等两种正义观的交织。在不同的正义观下,共同富裕的理论图景、主要任务和实践方式存在着根本的不同。对于需要的正义,共同富裕的重点是基本需要的满足和美好生活之所需条件的不断提高和完善,解放和发展生产力,促进社会总产品和财富的增加,始终是需要正义的前提和基础。对于平等的正义,共同富裕的重点是共享社会发展成果,防止两极分化,公平的分配方式和分配结构则是理论研究的核心。两种正义观并不冲突,然而,赋予哪种正义观以理论的优先性和实践的紧迫性,意味着我们在不同历史阶段对共同富裕的不同认知及其解决方式的差异。当下,作为美好生活的基本需要是正义原则之理论建构和实践的优先任务。

In the theory of common prosperity,two conceptions of justice,namely that of need and equality,are intertwined.Under different conceptions of justice,the theoretical scenario,major tasks,and practice modes are fundamentally different.For the justice of need,the essential aspect of common prosperity is the satisfaction of basic needs and the continuous improvement and perfection of those conditions leading to a better life.Liberating and developing productivity and promoting social production are always the premise and foundation for the justice of need.As for the justice of equality,the focus of common prosperity is the sharing of social developments and preventing polarization;a fair mode and a fair structure of distribution are the core of this theory.These two conceptions of justice do not necessarily conflict with each other,yet the question on which of the two should be given the theoretical priority and urgency of practice reveals a predominant difference about the cognition and solutions of common prosperity under different historical stages.Currently,basic need for a better life constitutes the priority for the theoretical construction and practice of the principle of justice.