技术寄生视角下技术进化的原动力追问

Probing into the driving force of technological evolution from the perspective of technological parasitism

技术寄生理论指出,技术间的寄生有助于两种或多种技术共生发展;宿主技术中的寄生技术不成比例的增长将促进复杂技术系统的发展;拥有较多寄生技术的宿主技术比拥有较少寄生技术的宿主技术进化快;宿主技术的进化不独立于与它相关联的技术。技术寄生发生的初期,外部环境的影响是寄生发生的外在条件,技术内部的差异是寄生发生的内在限制,这显示出寄生具有选择性。在中期,寄生技术与宿主技术相互促进,共同进化,预示寄生具有互惠性。在后期,寄生技术交替寄生于宿主技术,表明寄生具有替代性。结合技术进化的普遍规律,“双S曲线”能够从技术内部反映技术从寄生到共生的进化规律。技术寄生理论启示应该摒弃描述进化现象,注重解释联结机制;在创新管理中初期突出多样性和基础性,中后期注重灵活性和导向性。

The theory of technology parasitism points out that parasitism between technologies contributes to the symbiotic development of two or more technologies.The disproportionate growth of sub-technologies in host technology will promote the development of complex technology systems.Host technology with more daughter technologies develops faster than host technology with fewer daughter technologies,and the evolution of host technology is not independent of its associated daughter technologies.In the initial stage of parasitism,the influence of external environment is the external condition of parasitism,and the difference within technology is the internal limit of parasitism,which shows that parasitism is selective.In the growth stage,daughter technology and host technology promote each other and coevolve,indicating that parasitism has reciprocity.In the ascendant phase,subtechnologies alternate parasitism with host technologies,indicating that parasitism involves substitution.In the final effect stage,the sub-technologies is alternately parasitic in host technology shows that parasitism has substitutability.Combined with the general law of technological evolution,"Double S curve"can reflect the evolution law of technology from parasitism to symbiosis from the inside of technology.The theory of technological parasitism should abandon the description of evolutionary phenomena and pay more attention to the explanation of bonding mechanism.In the early stage of innovation management,diversity and foundation should be emphasized,while flexibility and orientation should be emphasized in the middle and late stage.