从技术“引进来”到标准“走出去”——基于全球通信企业的实证研究

From"bringing in"of technology to"going out"of standards:An empirical study based on global communication enterprises

随着全球通信企业技术标准竞争的加剧,原来频发于后发企业的技术引进活动,近年来也在技术领先型企业中发生。本文将着力于解释那些技术领先型企业通过技术引进,整合内外部技术,推动技术标准国际化的基本过程。以2000-2019年全球技术领先型通信企业为研究样本,探究技术引进对企业技术标准国际化的影响及其实现机制。研究结果表明,技术引进显著促进企业技术标准国际化,但是技术引进在当期模型中影响力更大,由于通信领域技术和产品更新迭代非常快,通信企业的技术引进大多以产品创新为目标,需要企业在短时间消化吸收技术以推动产品竞争,实现用户规模优势,进一步为技术标准国际竞争抢占先机。进一步机制检验发现,研发投入是技术“引进来”阶段助力企业实现自主创新的重要因素,产品国际化贸易和专利国际化是推动企业将自主创新成果转化为国际标准的重要渠道。异质性分析结果显示,发达国家企业、高龄企业能在更短的时间内实现技术引进、消化吸收和再创新,并迅速转化为国际技术标准能力。发展中国家企业和低龄企业则需要更长的技术吸收周期来形成自身技术标准能力。

With the intensification of technical standard competition among global communication enterprises,technology introduction activities that used to occur frequently in late comers have also occurred in technology leading enterprises in recent years.This article will focus on explaining the basic process of those technology leading enterprises to promote the internationalization of technical standards through technology introduction,integration of internal and external technologies.Taking the global technology leading communication enterprises from 2000 to 2019 as the research sample,this paper explores the impact of technology introduction on the internation-alization of enterprise technical standards and its implementation mechanism. The research results show that technology introductionsignificantly promotes the internationalization of enterprise technical standards, but technology introduction has greater influence in thecurrent model. Because the technology and product update iteration in the communication field is very fast, the technology introductionof communication enterprises mostly aims at product innovation, which requires enterprises to digest and absorb technology in a shorttime to promote product competition, achieve user scale advantage, and further seize the opportunity for international competition oftechnical standards.The ability of independent innovation has a positive mechanism between technology introduction and internationalization of technicalstandards, which indicates that the ability of independent innovation of enterprises is an important force to realize the internationalizationof technology introduction and technical standards. Further mechanism inspection found that R&D investment is an important factor tohelp enterprises achieve independent innovation in the "introduction" stage of technology, and international trade of products and patentinternationalization are important channels to promote enterprises to transform independent innovation achievements into internationalstandards. This fully shows that after the introduction of technology, enterprises continue to enhance their independent innovation strengthin the process of technology digestion and absorption, promote high - quality products and patent output, and at the same time further promotethe internationalization of enterprise technology standards through international trade of products and international layout of patents.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the positive effect of technology introduction on the internationalization of technicalstandards of enterprises in developed countries has become less significant, and it has a higher positive significance for enterprises indeveloping countries. This shows that the technology introduction of enterprises in developed countries is mainly a way to improve theirsupporting technologies and assist innovation, which can make faster use of the introduced technologies and promote the internationalizationof technical standards. However, enterprises in developing countries do not have strong initial technological endowments, so theyneed a longer technology absorption cycle to transform the introduced technologies into independent innovation, thus promoting the formationand promotion of standards. Further analysis shows that the older enterprise group only has a significant positive impact on theinternationalization of technical standards in the current period of technology introduction, while the younger enterprise group has ahighly significant role in promoting the internationalization of technical standards in the current period and the later period, which indicatesthat younger enterprises need a longer technology absorption cycle to form their own technical standards capabilities.