李顿调查团进入伪满洲国受阻事件研究

Study on the Incident of the Lytton Commission Being Blocked from Entering the Puppet Manchukuo

九一八事变后,李顿调查团前往中国东北调查,顾维钧是调查团成员之一,但伪满拒绝顾维钧出关,造成李顿调查团进入伪满洲国受阻事件。围绕调查团进入中国东北和走出满铁附属地,李顿调查团及其派遣方国联、顾维钧及其隶属方南京国民政府、日本驻外使领馆及其背后的外务省、伪满及其操纵者日本关东军之间展开激烈的抗议折冲与协商妥协。调查团受阻事件的实质不仅关系伪满傀儡政权的内外“合法性”建构,而且涉及调查团及国联在东亚的调停能力,并折射出九一八事变的“性质”问题。从该事件对南京国民政府、伪满、调查团和日本所产生的影响来看,这是一次零和博弈,日本将调查团受阻事件与伪满“认可”相捆绑,预谋实现九一八事变后的东北权力变更得到国际社会承认。此次受阻事件是李顿调查团与大国博弈的缩影,表明南京国民政府依赖的国际解决策略无法恢复东北原状,国联调停机制难以维系东亚和平秩序。

The Lytton Commission's visit to Northeast China for investigation was an important link,but the puppet Manchukuo refused to allow Wellington Koo to leave Shanhaiguan,causing the Lytton Commission to be blocked from entering the puppet Manchukuo.Around the demand of the Lytton Commission to enter into the Northeast region and get out of the South Manchuria Railway Zone,the Commission and the League of Nations,Koo and the National Government,the Japanese Embassies abroad and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs,the puppet Manchuria and the Kwantung Army launched a series of fierce protests,negotiations and compromise.The essence of the blocked incident of the Commission was not only related to the internal and external“legitimacy”construction of the puppet Manchukuo,but also related to the mediation ability of the Commission and the League of Nations in East Asia,and reflected the“nature”of the September 18 Incident.Viewing from the impact of the blocked incident on the National Government,the puppet Manchukuo,the Commission,and Japan,this is a zero-sum game.Japan's attempt to realize the change of power in Northeast China after the September 18 Incident and get the recognition of the international community by tying the blocked incident to the recognition of the puppet Manchukuo had failed.This incident is the epitome of the game between the Lytton Commission and the great powers,indicating that the international settlement strategy relied on by the National Government could not restore the status quo in Northeast China,and the mediation mechanism of the League of Nations was unable to maintain the peace order in East Asia.