明治政府对自由民权运动的镇压——以国事警察的活动为中心

Meiji Government’s Suppression of the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement:Centered on the Activities of the National Affair Police

明治政府为侦查士族叛乱阴谋而成立了从事秘密探查的国事警察,后为镇压自由民权运动而赋于了国事警察以监管言论的职能,不久将其更名为高等警察。明治政府及警视总监通过国事警察的情报活动掌握民权派的动向,并据此指示国事警察执行镇压对策。国事警察的活动不仅侵害民众的自由权利,而且阻碍近代日本民主运动的发展,更暴露出明治政府依靠警察对民权和民主运动的镇压来维持其统治的本质。

The Meiji government set up the National Affair Police to investigate the plot of Shizoku rebellion,and later gave the National Affair Police which soon to be renamed as the Higher Police the function of regulating speech in order to suppress the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.Through the intelligence activities of the National Affair Police,the Meiji government and the Superintendent General kept track of the Civil Rights Faction,and instructed the National Affair Police to carry out countermeasures accordingly.Many activities of the National Affairs Police not only violated people's rights of freedom,but hindered the further development of modern Japanese democratic movements,and even exposed the essence of the Meiji government to maintain its political rule through suppression of civil rights and democratic movements by police.