新中国计划经济初期工人住宅设计标准演变及其遗产价值研究(1949—1962)

Research on the Evolution of Workers’House Design Standards and Its Heritage Value in the Period of Early Planned Economy of China(1949—1962)

工人住宅是新中国计划经济时期颇具代表性的居住建筑形式之一,也是1949年以来国家快速工业化进程中不可或缺的组成部分,更是我国居住建筑现代化演变的重要物质见证。工人住宅的发展演变与现代工业化建设、建筑技术发展等方面密不可分,对其发展历史的回溯和价值研究具有重要的理论意义。文章尝试从建筑标准和建造材料的两个维度,深入回溯工人住宅在计划经济初期的历史发展轨迹,通过建筑标准与规范的制定和调整、建筑材料的运用、建造方式革新等的系统剖析,结合特定历史条件下的社会需要和物质技术条件等方面的佐证,凝练出新中国计划经济初期工人住宅的历史脉络、建筑特征和遗产价值,以期为我国工业建筑遗产的精细化、纵深化研究提供学理基础和依据。

Workers’house is a representative form of residential buildings during the planned economy period of People’s Republic of China,and it has also been an indispensable component of the country’s rapid industrialization process since 1949 as well as an important material witness to the modernization of residential buildings in China.The development and evolution of workers’house are closely related to modern industrial construction,the development of building technology,and other aspects.It is of great theoretical significance to trace its development history and study its value.The paper attempted to deeply trace the historical development trajectory of workers’house in the early stages of planned economy from two dimensions of building standards and construction materials.Through the systematic analysis of formulation and adjustment of building standards and specifications,the application of building materials,and the innovation of construction mode,and combined with specific historical conditions such as social needs as well as material and technological conditions,the historical context of workers’house in the early stages of planned economy in China was condensed,as well as the architectural characteristics and heritage value,which could provide a theoretical basis and basis for the refinement and deepening of research on industrial heritage in China.