“五四”后地方社会的“新文化”与旧民俗——以吴江双杨会为考察中心

“New Culture” and Old Folklore in Local Society after the May Fourth Movement: A Study Centered on the Wujiang Shuangyanghui

“五四”以后,随着新文化运动的下行,地方社会的多元变化与民间信仰活动之间的联动值得关注。藉由所创造的“舆论社会”,受“新文化”影响的地方新知识分子积极表达自己的民俗观。在空间层面,地方知识分子可以结合地方社会事务运用“新文化”。从历时性角度看,地方知识分子更为切身地对民间信仰活动进行舆论影响,并为后来南京国民政府对民间信仰的改造埋下了伏笔。在“礼俗互动”的隐性机制下,地方政府在实践中对民间信仰活动往往留有余地。与双杨会相关的地方士绅,则与时俱进地将之改造为“物产赛会”,以适应“新文化”和现代性思潮。对历史上迎神赛会类民间信仰活动进行考察,应回到历史语境,还原历史现场,展现历史事件的复杂性。

With the decline of the New Culture Movement after May Fourth Movement,the linkage between the pluralistic changes in local society and folk belief activities deserves attention.Through the created“society of public opinions”,new local intellectuals influenced by the“new culture”actively expressed their views on folklore.On the spatial level,local intellectuals could utilize the“new culture”in relation to local social affairs.From the perspective of temporality,local intellectuals could exert public pressures on folk belief activities in a more tangible way,which also laid the groundwork for the later reform of folk beliefs by the Nanjing national government.Under the implicit mechanism of“interaction between etiquette and customs”,local governments often left room for folk belief activities in practice.The local gentry associated with the Shuangyanghui transformed it into a“product festival”in order to adapt it to the“new culture”and modernity.In order to deal with such folk belief activities as the historical Shuangyanghui,it is important to return to the historical context,restore the historical scene,and show the complexity of the historical events.