民国时期广西霍乱与近代防疫卫生体系

Cholera and the Modern Epidemic Prevention and Health System in Guangxi during the Republic of China

民国时期霍乱在广西社会流行,呈现出前期低、中后期高、夏季高发、以区域经济中心向周边扩散的特点。政府组织了隔离消毒、报告疫情、检疫、疫苗接种、防疫宣传和清洁卫生、生产管理药品、出台法律法规、考核医务工作者等近代防疫手段,这在一定程度上保障了民生,遏制了疫情。然而,民众不配合防疫,政府处罚以示惩儆效果欠佳,也未形成有力的疫苗防疫屏障,环境卫生发展不平衡、甚至出现倒退现象,这表明政府应对霍乱存在局限性。在这个过程中,建立并逐渐完善了近代广西防疫卫生体系。

During the Republic of China,cholera was prevalent in Guangxi,showing the characteristics of low incidence in the early stage,followed by high incidence in the middle and late stages,with a peak during the summer and spreading from regional economic centers to the periphery.The government implemented modern epidemic prevention measures such as isolation and disinfection,epidemic reporting,quarantine,vaccination,epidemic prevention propaganda,sanitation,production and management of drugs,the enactment of laws and regulations,and assessment of medical workers,which ensured public welfare and contained the epidemic to a certain extent.However,the government's response to cholera is limited due to the lack of public cooperation,inadequate punitive effects for government penalties,the lack of a strong vaccine barrier,as well as the uneven and even regressive development of environmental sanitation.Throughout this process,the modern Guangxi epidemic prevention and health system was established and gradually improved.