城镇家庭人力资本隔代传递:效应与机制

Intergenerational Transfer of Human Capital in Urban Households:Effect and Mechanism

聚焦于祖孙间的隔代传递效应,基于CFPS数据,采用残差回归法估计祖辈教育水平对孙辈人力资本的短期和长期影响。结果发现,祖辈教育水平短期上有助于提升孙辈学龄期的认知能力和非认知能力,长期上则能够提高孙辈的最终受教育年限。根据父辈特征将样本划分为低资源家庭和高资源家庭分别进行回归后发现,从祖辈到孙辈的直接人力资本传递在父辈资源丰富的家庭中更为明显,即祖辈和父辈的资源投入存在倍增效应。机制分析表明,学龄前照料质量是人力资本隔代传递的重要路径。

Based on the intergenerational transfer effect between grandparents and grandchildren,the paper adopted the data from CFPS and the residual regression method to estimate the short-term and long-term impact of grandparents'education level on grandchildren's human capital.The results showed that,grandparents'education level was conductive to the improvement of schoolage grandchildren's cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability in the short term.And the education level could extend grandchildren's schooling years in the long term.According to the characteristics of the parents,the samples were divided into poor-resource families and rich-resource families.After the implementation of separate regression,the direct human capital transfer from grandparents to grandchildren was more evident in the families with abundant resources.That was to say,the resource investment of grandparents and parents had a multiplication effect.Mechanism analysis proved that,the quality of preschool care was an important path of the intergenerational transfer of human capital.