社会认知语言学视域下语言的社会性与文化身份性

On Sociality and Cultural Identity of Language from Sociocognitive Linguistics Perspective

本文主要基于具身认知和社会认知理论,从社会认知语言学视角讨论语言的社会性和文化身份性。首先,认知语言学的“社会转向”将对语言的考察及其与文化的联系置于一个更加宏大的社会场景,在其研究框架中,认知与语言的本质及其功能、语言的社会性等都能根据具身认知理论、语言与文化的相互作用关系等在基于使用的语言基本观找到理论支持;其次,从语言的本质和功能方面看,语言首先满足交际和互动功能,语言习得在交际环境中进行,因此,语言具有社会认知性特征;再次,从具身认知理论看,语言是个体和群体的具身经验,认知具有普遍性,而特定的认知模型具有独特的文化属性,代表群体的语言文化身份。语言认知和语言习得都是在一定社会文化语境中基于使用而实现的,某种语言的表征和认知方式也有其具体特征,在一定程度上反映语言使用者的心理特征,体现语言和语言使用者的文化身份。

This paper explores the sociality and cultural identity of language based on the theories of embodied cognition and social cognition from sociocognitive linguistics perspective.Firstly,the"social turn"of cognitive linguistics has already guided the orientation of language study to a broad social context.Language cognition and language use conducted in social context have the characteristics of embodied social cognition,which in turn manifests the sociality of language.Within the framework of embodied social cognition,language is the embodied experience of individuals and groups.Language flows on and keeps dynamic because of human realistic experience and social interaction.Secondly,language fulfills social communication in terms of the essentiality and function of language.Furthermore,the individuals'embodied cognition of language,which functions beyond the body and mind,co-exists with their interlocutors in communicative context,so that their mutual language cognitive activities form a collaborative community.Thirdly,from the perspective of usage-based model,on one hand,the interaction of language and culture goes along with social practice.Language cognition and language acquisition take place in social cultural context based on the use of language,which results in the acquisition of concepts and identity.On the other hand,the social cultural pattern of every language is unique and has its cognitive cultural model which represents the language and culture identity of specific group.In short,culture exists in social and language activities,and language represents social cultural value,which also reflects language users'psychology and cultural identity.