都市社会理论的生态线索及其实践路径

Ecological trail and practical path of urban social theory

伴随着中国城镇化进入中后期发展阶段,都市社会下的空间生产深刻地改变了社会与生态环境,生态文明建设面临新挑战。都市社会理论除了社会空间意蕴,也具有丰富的生态内涵,自然的异化与人地关系失调是其焦点。通过对人与自然关系的反思,论文梳理出一条从揭示人化自然对自在自然的异化,到城乡生态空间的割裂与不均衡,再到都市社会自身生态空间的商品化、等级化和差异化发展的生态分析进路,将列斐伏尔的“自我管理”理论引入中国的生态环境治理实践。在都市社会背景下,中国的生态治理面临着自在自然与人化自然之间治理不均衡、城乡与区域之间治理组织结构不均衡、社会空间内部生态物品供需不均衡等挑战。新发展阶段,推进生态文明建设和生态环境治理的关键在于:在权利导向下形成全社会共同参与治理的新理念,打通空间边界以塑造社会—生态融合发展新格局,增强生态韧性并发掘自我管理导向的治理新机制。

With China's urbanization entering the middle and late stages of development,spatial production has significantly altered the social and ecological environments,and the construction of China's ecological civilization is encountering fresh challenges.Urban social theory encompasses ecological values beyond its social-spatial implications.The alienation of nature and the dysfunction of human-environment relationships remain focal points of urban social theory.By reflecting on the relationship between humans and nature,this theory presents an ecological analysis of urban space.It identifies three stages:First,it exposes the alienation of humanized nature from first nature;second,it highlights the disintegration and uneven distribution of ecological space between urban and rural areas;and third,it draws attention to the commodification,hierarchical,and differentiated development of the ecological space of urban society itself.The theory of urban society posits that the governance practice of"autogestion"can help alleviate the conflict between humans and the environment.It also advocates for the construction of an autonomous governance mechanism.Within a hypermobile society,China's ecological governance encounters unique challenges.Three imbalances are evident:The first is the imbalance in the governance system between first nature and humanized nature;the second is the imbalance in the governance organizational structure between urban and rural areas and between regions;and the third is the imbalance in the supply and demand of ecological goods within the social space.To achieve balanced ecological development through ecological governance,we must begin with three key points:Initially,focus on the rights orientation and establish a new concept of full society participation in ecological governance;secondly,expand spatial boundaries and create a new pattern of social-ecological integration and development;and lastly,improve ecological resilience and establish a novel mechanism of ecological governance based on the orientation of selfmanagement.These endeavors will ultimately facilitate the creation of a beautiful China.