绿色信贷融资担保:理论逻辑、实践及挑战

Green Credit Financing Guarantees:Theoretical Logic,Practice and Challenges

融资担保作为重要的增信分险手段,“双碳”目标下在降低银行绿色信贷风险、缓解长尾客群融资困境等方面潜力巨大。近年来,我国各地围绕绿色信贷融资担保机制进行了积极探索,有意识地发挥融资担保在绿色金融市场中的增信分险作用。然而,我国绿色信贷融资担保发展尚处于起步阶段,绿色信贷融资担保整体占比低,在分险模式、融资主体、资金主体等方面具有明显的结构性特征。绿色信贷融资担保面临认定标准不清晰、担保机构能力弱、银行内生动力不强、产品适配性差、市场配套建设不足等问题,在破解“三农”、小微等群体绿色融资难困境,缓释银行绿色金融风险中的作用还较为有限。参考国外部分经济体绿色融资担保经验,建议从标准制定、风险分担激励、规范担保机构发展、完善配套体系建设等层面发力,有效发挥担保机构作为绿色金融的放大器、减压器和助推器作用。

As an important means of credit enhancement and risk-sharing,financing guarantees have great po-tential to reduce banks'green credit risks and alleviate the financing difficulties of long-tail customers under the goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality".In recent years,all parts of China have actively explored the green credit financing guarantee mechanism and consciously played the role of credit enhancement and risk sharing in the green financial market.However,the development of green credit financing guarantee in China is still in the initial stage,the overall proportion of green credit financing guarantee is low,and it has obvious structural charac-teristics in terms of risk-sharing mode,financing main body and funding main body.Green credit financing guar-antee faces unclear recognition standards,weak capacity of guarantee institutions,weak endogenous impetus of banks,poor product suitability,insufficient market supporting construction and other problems.Currently,its role in cracking the financing difficulties of"three rural"and small and micro groups,easing the green financial risk of the bank's role is still relatively limited.With reference to the experience of green financing guarantee in some for-eign economies,it is suggested that efforts should be made at the levels of standard-setting,risk-sharing incen-tives,regulating the development of guarantee institutions,and perfecting the construction of supporting systems,so as to effectively bring into play the role of guarantee institutions as amplifiers,pressure reducers,and boosters of green finance.