梯级水电站开发对河段洪水的影响分析

Analysis of the impact of cascade hydropower station development on river flood

梯级水电站的开发在促进当地经济发展的同时,对河段洪水带来了影响。本文根据梅江干流梯级电站工程普查情况,采用统计分析的方法对干流主要站点长序列资料进行代表性分析,在洪水场次摘录分析的基础上,得到代表站点逐年最大洪水场次过程。以水口—梅县河段为例,采用历史洪水资料对洪水传播时间进行统计分析,得到上下游站点不同年代平均传播时间变化情况。研究结果表明,随着梯级水电站的开发,洪峰峰形由平缓逐步变为锯齿状,洪水涨落率出现显著变化,径流量总体呈衰减趋势,洪水传播时间显著缩短。此研究结果可为最大限度地减轻人类活动对河流特性、自然生态的影响提供依据。

The development of cascade hydropower station has had an impact on river flood while promoting the local economy.Based on the survey of Meijiang Mainstream Cascade Hydropower Project,this paper uses statistical analysis method to analyze representative data of the main flow stations.Based on the analysis of flood event records,it obtains the annual maximum flood event process for representative stations.Taking Shuikou-Meixian reach as an example,statistical analysis is conducted on the flood propagation time using historical flood data,and changes in the average propagation time in different decades of upstream and downstream stations are obtained.The research results show that with the development of cascade hydropower station,the flood peak shape gradually changes from gentle to jagged,the flood rise and fall rate undergoes significant changes,and the runoff volume generally decreases,while the flood propagation time significantly shortens.These research findings can provide a basis for minimizing the impact of human activities on river characteristics and natural ecosystems.