不同水肥模式对机插稻产量形成和氮肥吸收利用的影响

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Management Methods on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Machine-Transplanted Rice During the Regreening Stage

为阐明机插稻返青活棵-分蘖期不同水肥管理方式对其产量形成和氮肥吸收利用的影响,并提出机插稻返青活棵-分蘖期适宜的水肥管理模式,于2022年以南粳9108和南粳5718为供试品种,在返青活棵-分蘖期设置不同水肥管理方式(水稻返青活棵期多次水分灌排与分蘖期增施氮肥(T1)、水稻返青活棵期多次水分灌排与分蘖期不增施氮肥(T2)、水稻返青活棵期减少灌水不排水且分蘖期不增施氮肥(T3)),对比分析不同水肥管理方式下水稻产量形成和氮肥吸收利用的差异。结果表明,返青活棵-分蘖期不同水肥管理方式对机插稻产量和氮肥吸收利用影响显著。相较于T2处理,T1和T3处理显著增加了水稻产量和氮素积累量,产量分别提高8.2%~9.5%和13.3%~13.7%,成熟期氮素积累量分别提高7.0%~8.8%和12.8%~15.2%(p<0.05)。相较于T1处理,T3处理水稻拔节期茎蘖数降低11.4%~11.9%,茎蘖成穗率显著提高11.3%~12.4%,拔节期叶面积指数和干生物量分别显著降低8.2%~9.3%和6.3%~8.6%,抽穗期-成熟期光合势和群体生长率无显著差异。在产量及其构成因素方面,T1和T3处理间无显著差异(p>0.05)。在氮素吸收利用方面,T1和T3处理在氮素积累量方面无显著差异,但T3处理氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率较T1分别显著增加20.1%~22.2%和22.7%~23.0%(p<0.05)。综上所述,在分蘖期不增施氮肥的基础上,通过返青活棵期减少灌水和不排水的方式可以实现机插稻产量和氮肥利用率的同步提升。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer management methods on the yield formation,nitrogen absorption and utilization of machine-transplanted rice from the greening stage to the tillering stage,and to explore the appropriate water and fertilizer management measures for machine-transplanted rice from the greening stage to the tillering stage.In 2022,Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5718 were used as test varieties,and three treatments were set up:multiple water irrigation and drainage during the greening stage,and increasing nitrogen fertilizer during the tillering stage(T1),multiple water irrigation and drainage during the greening stage and no nitrogen fertilizer increasing during the tillering stage(T2),reducing irrigation during the greening stage and non-drainage and no nitrogen fertilizer increasing during the tillering stage(T3).The results showed that different water and fertilizer management methods had significant effects on the yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of machine-transplanted rice.Compared with T2 treatment,T1 and T3 treatments significantly increased the rice yield by 8.2%~9.5% and 13.3%~13.7%,and the nitrogen accumulation at maturity increased by 7.0%~8.8% and 12.8%~15.2%,respectively(p<0.05).Compared with T1 treatment,under T3 treatment,the number of rice stems and tillers at the jointing stage decreased by 11.4%~11.9%,the percentage of productive tillers increased significantly by 11.3%~12.4%,the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at the jointing stage significantly decreased by 8.2%~9.3%and 6.3%~8.6%,and there was no significant difference in photosynthetic potential and crop growth rate from heading stage to maturity stage.In terms of yield and its components,there was no significant difference between T1 and T3 treatments(p>0.05).In terms of nitrogen uptake and utilization,there was no significant difference in nitrogen accumulation between T1 and T3 treatments,but the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency in T3 treatment were significantly increased by 20.1%~22.2% and 22.7%~23.0%(p<0.05).In summary,high yield and nitrogen use efficiency of transplanted rice could be achieved by reducing irrigation and no drainage during greening stage,and without increasing nitrogen fertilizer application during the tillering stage.