农村丧偶独居老年女性抑郁、孤独感与生活质量的关系

Relationship of depression and loneliness with quality of life in rural widowed elderly women living alone

目的:农村丧偶独居老年女性可能比普通老年群体面临更高的抑郁和孤独感风险,且会影响其生活质量。本研究旨在探讨农村丧偶独居老年女性抑郁、孤独感与生活质量的相关性。方法:采用二阶段整群抽样法,在湖南省湘西自治州龙山县选取234例农村丧偶独居老年女性,使用一般情况调查表、老年抑郁量表-15(Geriatric Depression Scale-15,GDS-15)、加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表中文简化版[The University of California,LosAngeles(UCLA)Loneliness Scale-8,ULS-8]和简明健康状况量表(36-Item Short Form Health Survey,SF-36)对其进行问卷调查。结果:234例农村丧偶独居老年女性年龄为(73.29±7.36)岁,其中检出抑郁103例(44.0%);无孤独或轻度孤独者114例(48.7%),中度孤独者111例(47.4%),重度孤独者9例(3.9%);生活质量总分为63.39±19.70。抑郁、孤独感与生活质量呈负相关(均P<0.001)。校正混杂因素后,多元线性回归分析显示:农村丧偶独居老年女性的年龄、急慢性病数量、个人月收入、抑郁和孤独感是生活质量的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:抑郁和孤独感可影响农村丧偶独居老年女性的生活质量,在健康老龄化工作中,可从加强基础疾病管理、增加收入、缓解抑郁、孤独感等方面改善该群体的生活质量。

Objective:Rural widowed elderly women living alone may face higher risks of depression and loneliness than general elderly people,which will have an impact on their quality of life.This study aims to explore the correlation of depression and loneliness with quality of life among rural widowed elderly women living alone.Methods:A two-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 234 rural widowed older women living alone in Longshan county,Xiangxi autonomous prefecture,Hunan Province,and a questionnaire survey was conducted with the General Situation Questionnaire,the Geriatric Depression Scale-15(GDS-15),the University of California,Los Angeles(UCLA)Loneliness Scale-8(ULS-8),and the 36 Items Short Form Health Survey(SF-36).Results:The ages of 234 rural widowed older women living alone were(73.29±7.36)years.Among them,103(44.0%)women were detected as depressed,114(48.7%)were not lonely or mildly lonely,111(47.4%)were moderately lonely,and 9(3.9%)were severely lonely.The total quality of life scores were 63.39±19.70.Depression and loneliness were negatively correlated with quality of life(all P<0.001).After adjusting for confounding factors,multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,number of acute and chronic diseases,personal monthly income,depression,and loneliness independently impacted the quality of life among rural widowed older women(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Depression and loneliness can affect the quality of life of rural widowed older women living alone.In healthy aging efforts,the quality of life of these rural widowed older women can be improved by strengthening the management of underlying illnesses,increasing income,and alleviating depression and loneliness.