偏差与调适:“村改居”社区基本公共服务的供给困境与治理对策——以广州的实践为例

Deviation and Adjustment:The Supply Dilemma and Management Countermeasures of“Village-to-Residence”Community Basic Public Service——A case Study of Guangzhou

“村改居”社区是渐进性消除城乡二元体制的一种过渡性存在,但其基本公共服务供给仍存在“城”与“乡”的不协调不平衡现象。本文通过对广州40条城中村的问卷调查研究发现,“村改居”社区基本公共服务存在硬件设施供给效果不彰,财政供给关系调整微弱,人事供给缺口明显等问题。从政策执行视角看,造成“村改居”社区基本公共服务供给不足主要在于政策执行的动机偏差、规划失衡的尺度偏差和路径依赖的事责偏差。为此,需强化目标引领,系统谋划“村改居”社区基本公共服务供给的顶层设计,进一步细化“拆治兴”并举的具体对应举措,明晰激励分配结构,加快形成共建共治和责任激励的两翼保障。

The“village-to-residence”community is a transitional existence that gradually eliminates the urban-rural dual system,but its public service supply is always in the“free”and“suspended”between“city”and“township”.Through a questionnaire survey of 40 urban villages in Guangzhou,this paper finds that the“village-to-residence”community public service still has some problems,such as ineffective supply of hardware facilities,weak adjustment of financial supply relationship,and obvious shortage of personnel supply.From the perspective of policy implementation,the root cause of the insufficient supply of public services in“village-to-residence”communities is that the main body of policy implementation has the motivation deviation of binding with land,the scale deviation of planning imbalance and the responsibility deviation of path dependence.In this regard,policy suggestions are put forward to strengthen target guidance,systematically plan the top-level design of the supply of public services in the“village to residence”community,further refine the specific corresponding measures for the simultaneous development of“demolition,treatment and revitalization”,clarify the incentive distribution structure,and accelerate the formation of a two-wing guarantee of co-construction and co-governance and responsibility incentive.