赣闽粤客家防御性民居建筑源流考

A Study on the Origin of Hakka Residential Buildings in Jiangxi,Fujian and Guangdong

客家民系是汉民族的重要支系,中国历史上汉族曾经有六次大迁徙。由于赣闽粤地区历史阶段和社会环境的不同,客家民居有“赣南围屋”“闽西土楼”和“粤北围龙屋”三种类型。关于它的渊源考证,一些专家学者认为此防御性建筑源自“闽西土楼”,但这种观点有许多可疑之处。通过对史料文献、建筑遗址及现存民居的梳理分析,推断出赣南围屋是建筑源头,希望能在复杂的文化地域背景下提供新思路以掌握其演变的规律。

The Hakka ethnic group is an important branch of the Han nationality.In Chinese history,the Han nationality had six great migrations.Due to the different historical stages and social environments in Jiangxi,Fujian and Guangdong,Hakka dwellings include"South Jiangxi Enclosed House""West Fujian Tulou"and"North Guangdong Enclosed Dragon House".As for the textual research on its origin,some experts and scholars believe that this defensive building originated from"Tulou in the West of Fujian",but there are many doubts about this view.Through the analysis of historical documents,architectural sites and existing folk houses,this paper infers that the enclosure in southern Jiangxi is the source of architecture,hoping to provide new ideas to grasp the law of its evolution under the complex cultural and regional background.