长三角地区制造业集聚现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on Status Quo and Influencing Factors of Manufacturing Agglomeration in The Yangtze River Delta Region

制造业是国民经济的主体,是促进经济繁荣的基石,也是一个国家国际竞争力的体现,而集聚经济是促进制造业增长和布局调整的核心力量。基于2011-2020年我国长三角三省一市面板数据,利用区位熵对长三角地区制造业集聚水平进行测度分析,进一步实证探究长三角地区制造业集聚水平的影响因素。结果表明:长三角区域整体制造业集聚水平较高,制造业发展相比全国具有一定优势,其中浙江省和江苏省制造业集聚水平一直稳定在较高水平,上海市制造业集聚程度最低,并没有达到专业化生产的临界值,制造业集聚呈下降趋势;按制造业要素密集度分组,长三角地区集聚水平垫底的行业多为劳动密集型制造业,具有全国比较优势的行业多为技术密集型制造业;对外开放水平的提升和市场需求水平提高对制造业集聚有正向促进作用,对外开放水平的作用远远大于市场化效应的作用。相反,城镇化水平提高和劳动力成本上升会对制造业集聚产生负向影响,劳动力成本影响相比较小。

Manufacturing is the mainstay of the national economy,the cornerstone of economic prosperity,and also the embodiment of a country's international competitiveness.Agglomeration economy is the core force to promote the growth and layout adjustment of manufacturing industry.Based on the panel data of three provinc-es and one city in the Yangtze River Delta from 2011 to 2020,this paper uses location entropy to measure and analyze the level of manufacturing agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta region,and further empirically ex-plores the influencing factors of the level of manufacturing agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta region.The results show that the overall level of manufacturing agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta region is rela-tively high,and the development of manufacturing industry has certain advantages compared to the whole country.The level of manufacturing agglomeration in Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province has been stable at a high level,while Shanghai has the lowest level of manufacturing agglomeration and has not reached the critical value of specialized production,and the level of manufacturing agglomeration is on a downward trend.According to the grouping based on manufacturing factor intensity,the industries with the lowest level of ag-glomeration in the Yangtze River Delta region are mostly labor-intensive manufacturing industries,while those with comparative advantages in the country are mostly technology-intensive manufacturing industries.The im-provement of opening up to the outside world and the increase in market demand have a positive role in pro-moting manufacturing agglomeration,and the role of opening up to the outside world is far greater than that of marketization effect.On the contrary,the increase in urbanization level and rising labor costs will have a nega-tive impact on manufacturing agglomeration,with labor costs having a relatively small impact.