《尚书》中的国家安全思想初探

National Security-Related Ideas in Shangshu

《尚书》是先秦时代一部重要的经典文献,其中蕴含着丰富的国家安全思想。鉴于中华优秀传统文化的继承性,有必要探寻其中所蕴含的国家安全思想与总体国家安全观的内在联系:重民思想是以人民安全为宗旨思想的起源;君权神授的天命观是以政治安全为根本的考量;天下观念是统筹自身安全和共同安全思想的滥觞;居安思危则是重视事前预防的国家安全思想;明德慎罚、德主刑辅是德治和法治的初次交融。除了这几方面典型的国家安全思想,《尚书》中还蕴含着很多领域的国家安全思想,需要学界加大研究力度。探索《尚书》中的国家安全思想,既有利于从思想史层面完善国家安全学学科建设,也有助于新时代维护国家安全的实践。

Shangshu(Venerated Documents), a pre-Qin dynasty Confucian classic, contains a rich pool of ideas related to national security. Given the long history of traditional Chinese culture, it is necessary to explore the internal relations between such ideas and the holistic approach to national security China currently follows. For instance, the "people first" thought can be deemed the origin of "taking the people's security as our ultimate goal";"mandate of heaven," which asserted that a supreme ruler's power was bestowed by heaven, is a rationale behind "taking political security as our fundamental task";China's commitment to "taking coordinated steps to ensure our own security and common security" has its genesis in the concept of "tianxia"(which literally means everything under heaven);"being mindful of potential dangers in time of peace" highlighted the importance of precautionary measures in safeguarding national security;"displaying virtue and punishing sparingly" and "virtue is the main means of state governance and penalties are only auxiliary" marked the first convergence of "rule by virtue" and "rule by law." Apart from the above examples, Shangshu contains many national security-related ideas in other fields, which require greater research efforts by the academic community. Deciphering such ideas in Shangshu will help improve the discipline building of national security studies on the dimension of philosophical history and contribute to preserving China's national security in the new era.