人类遗传资源安全的刑法全面性保护

Comprehensive Protection of Human Genetic Resources under Criminal Law

为贯彻落实总体国家安全观,并回应人类遗传资源安全管理的规范发展要求,《刑法修正案(十一)》专门增设第三百三十四条之一,但却仍不足以全面保障人类遗传资源安全。究其原因,一是未规定单位犯罪,二是未全面规制非法提供和买卖人类遗传资源的行为,三是未同等保护人类遗传资源材料和人类遗传资源信息。在总体国家安全观的背景下,涉及人类遗传资源的前置法规制体系日趋完善。刑法全面保护人类遗传资源安全的关键,在于填补非法采集人类遗传资源、走私人类遗传资源材料罪的规范漏洞,合理解释关联罪名则是当下最优解。具体而言,把人类遗传资源信息解释为公民个人信息中的生物识别信息,并将侵犯人类遗传资源安全的行为解释为出售、提供或以其他方法非法获取公民个人信息,从而借助侵犯公民个人信息罪,全面评价自然人或者单位实施的非法采集、非法提供、买卖人类遗传资源材料、人类遗传资源信息的行为。

In order to implement overall national security concept and respond to the standardized development of the security management of human genetic resources,the Amendment to the Criminal Law(XI)specially adds one of article 334,but it is still not enough to fully guarantee the security of human genetic resources.The underlying reasons are:firstly,there is no regulation for unit crime;secondly,there is no comprehensive regulation for the provision and trade of human genetic resources;thirdly,materials and information concerning human genetic resources have not been equally protected.Under the guidance of overall national security concept,the pre-law regulations concerning human genetic resources ought to be improved.The key to improving the criminal law protection of the security of human genetic resources lies in filling the regulatory loopholes in the crimes of illegal collection of human genetic resources and smuggling of genetic resources.A reasonable explanation of the relevant crimes is the best solution at present,on the basis of which,human genetic resources information can be interpreted as biometric information in citizenspersonal information and acts that infringe on the security of human genetic resources can be interpreted as selling,providing or otherwise illegally obtaining citizenspersonal information.Illegal collection,provision or sale of materials or information concerning human genetic resources carried out by natural persons or units can thus be fully evaluated with the help of the crime of infringing on citizenspersonal information.