“五族共和”与民国初期中华民族共同体构建的两条进路及其演变

Two Paths and Their Evolution of"Wuzu Gonghe"and the Building of the Chinese National Community in the Early Republic of China

“五族共和”思想蕴含着“中华及其‘各族’”的观念,呈现出“中华民族”与“各民族”的“二重面相”。由五族共和的二重面相引发了民国初期“中华民族共同体构建”的两条进路,即合国内诸族为一人的“民族融合进路”与国内各族当一视同仁的“各族平等结合进路”。同时,“两条构建进路”在民国初创阶段相互交织、相互依存。之后,国共两党的路线分殊及其民族观念、国家观念的分歧在客观上导致了相互依存的两条构建进路的分离。而五族共和开启的中华民族共同体构建的两条进路的互动依存,以及两条进路分野之后的结果及影响,对今天铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要启示:一是要辩证的看待国族整合与民族平等的关系,意即整合中实现着平等,平等中孕育着整合;二是应在“各族平等结合进路”延续下来的中华民族共同体构建路径(民族团结政策机制等)之外,强化中华民族共同体构建的国家民族机制、国民化机制等;三是要从国家现代化的高度来认识中国崛起阶段的铸牢中华民族共同体意识行动,从国家认同的视角理解中华民族共同体的意涵。

The thought of"wuzu gonghe"contains the concept of Chinese and"all ethnic groups",and presents the"dual facet phase"of"Chinese nation"and"all ethnic groups".The dual facet phase of the wuzu gonghe has led to the"two paths"for"the building of Chinese national community"in the initial stage of the Republic of China,that is,the"national integration path",which combines all ethnic groups in China,and the"ethnic equality path"in which all ethnic groups in China should be treated equally.At the same time,the two paths are intertwined and interdependent.After that,the differences between the political lines of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China and their differences in ethnic group and national concepts objectively led to the separation of the two interdependent building paths.The result and influence after the division of the two paths,and the interaction of the two paths in the building of the Chinese national community caused by wuzu gonghe,which has important implications for shaping the consciousness of the Chinese national community today:first,it is important to dialectically look at the relationship between"national integration and ethnic equality".It means that equality is implied in unity,and unity is nurtured in equality.Second,in addition to the path of building the Chinese national community continued by the"ethnic equality path"(minzu unity policy mechanism,etc.),we should strengthen the"national integration path"of the building of the Chinese national community,such as the building of the state national mechanism and nationalization mechanism,etc.Third,we should understand the action of casting the consciousness of the Chinese national community in the stage of China's rise from the political perspective of state development,state governance and state modernization,to understand the political meaning of the Chinese national community from the perspective of the national identity.