论《水浒传》对戏曲表现手法的借鉴

On Application of Expressing Skills of Traditional Chinese Opera in Water Margin

通俗小说与戏曲,是一对互为依存、相辅相成的姊妹艺术。其成熟的时间节点,几乎在同一历史时段,又均是面向市井大众,在互为借鉴、相互融合的平行发展中,各自完善并成就了自身。《水浒传》在情节结撰、人物塑造等方面,从戏曲尤其是元杂剧中汲取了不少营养。从“自道行藏”到“代人画像”,从场景追叙到现场摹画,小说家通过对戏曲表现手法的借鉴与超越,塑造出“各有光景”的鲜活人物。

Popular novel and traditional Chinese opera are“sibling”arts that depend on and complement each other,which ripe almost in the same historical period with the general public as the main readers or viewers,and they both perfect and achieve themselves in the parallel development of mutual reference and integration.Water Margin draws inspiration from the traditional Chinese opera,especially the Yuan drama,in the aspect of plot design and character shaping.From“introducing one’s own background”to“having others make a portrait”,from scene tracing to spot describing,the novelist creates the vivid characters who“live their own distinct lives”by applying and surpassing the expressing skills in traditional Chinese opera.