历史制度主义视角下我国学前教育督导制度变迁研究

Research on the Changes of Preschool Education Supervision System in China from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

完善学前教育督导制度对建设高质量教育体系具有奠基性,是实现学前教育治理体系现代化的迫切需要。依据我国教育督导制度发展的关键时间节点,学前教育督导制度变迁历经依附阶段(1977—1995年)、探索阶段(1996—2012年)以及独立阶段(2012—2022年)。我国学前教育督导政策变迁深受政教体制、经济体制建设以及人口发展结构等深层结构因素影响。制度成本效应、学习效应、适应性预期及协同效应塑造了学前教育督导政策变迁的路径依赖。基于改革开放以来我国教育制度变迁经历了先上(高等教育)后下(学前教育)的独特背景,未来我国学前教育督导政策体系应当坚持渐进性变迁,强化协同效应,共同构建有利于幼儿教育高质量发展的友好环境。

Improving the supervision system of preschool education lays a solid foundation for building a high-quality education system and is also an urgent need to achieve the modernization of preschool education governance system.According to the key development periods of China’s education supervision system,its transformation has gone through the stage of dependency(1977-1995),the stage of exploration(1996-2012),and the stage of independence(2012-2022).The changes of preschool education supervision policies in China are deeply influenced by deep-seated structural factors such as the political and educational system,the economic system construction and the population development structure.The path of policy changes in preschool education supervision system is shaped by institutional cost effects,learning effects,adaptive expectations and synergistic effects.Under the unique background of the top-down(from higher education to preschool education)transformation of China’s education system since the reform and opening up,the future preschool education supervision system in China should adhere to the gradual change,strengthen collaborative effects,and jointly build a friendly environment conducive to the high-quality development of early childhood education.