事件性定语的形成动因与机制

Motivations and mechanisms behind the formation of event attributes

本文提出事件性定语这一概念,并着重分析其形成动因和机制。与称谓性定语相对,事件性定语是指逻辑语义上修饰动宾结构的状语成分却在表层句法上充当宾语名词的定语,从而形成了形义错配现象。这种错配的形成要受到多种因素的制约。首先,这是语用动因促动的结果,受“焦点居尾原则”的影响,宾语作为常规焦点需要增加一定的语义内容,添加修饰成分就是一种句法补偿。其次,语用动因的实现受制于韵律调节和意义整合,韵律调节要求修饰成分在音节和词性上要满足动宾结构和定中结构的句法条件,而意义整合则使修饰成分最终呈现出事件性的语义属性。也就是说,事件性定语的形成是语用、韵律、语义等多因素共同作用的结果.

This paper proposes a concept of"event attribute",and analyzes the motivations and mechanisms behind its formation.In contrast to appellation attribute,event attribute semantically serves as an adverbial modifier of the verb-object structure but syntactically acts as an attribute of the object,thus creating a form-meaning mismatch.However,the formation of such mismatch is subject to many factors.First of all,it emerges from pragmatic motivations,particularly under the“end-focus”principle.This requires the object to enhance its semantic content,with the addition of modifiers acting as a syntactic remedy.Secondly,the manifestation of pragmatic motivation is subject to prosodic adjustment and semantic integration.The former requires the modifier to satisfy syntactic constraints of both the verb-object construction and the modifier-head construction in terms of syllable counts and parts of speech;The latter ensures that the modifier would eventually assume an eventive semantic property.In other words,event attribute is an outcome of the interface between pragmatic,prosodic and semantic factors.