汉语回声话语的视角转换

Perspective switch in Chinese echo utterances

汉语会话中的回声话语具有视角转换属性,其中外视角转换的用法是说话者在互动中意识到自身与对话者在交际地位上是相对的,有必要使用回声话语转换视角框架中的言者及其视角位置,视角转换后可以凸显相对话语、自我话语、对方话语;内视角转换的用法是说话者在互动中意识到自身与对话者在信息解读上是相对的,有必要使用回声话语转换视角框架中的视角位置、观察方式、识解内容等,视角转换后可以改变信息解读的极性取向或焦点取向等。相比而言,“对”“是”“好”“嗯”等反馈信号在交际中意味着单向继承对方的视角框架,表达趋同性,并不显示交际地位或信息解读的相对性。

Echo utterances in Chinese conversations often present the feature of perspective switch.External perspective switch refers to the speaker's realization that he/she and the other interlocutor hold opposite positions in communication;It is necessary to switch the speaker's position in the perspective framework via echo utterances in order to highlight the relative speech,self-speech or the other party's speech.Internal perspective transformation,on the other hand,indicates that the speaker realizes that he/she and the other interlocutor are opposite in the interpretation of information;It is necessary to change the perspective position,observation mode and content in the perspective framework via echo tterances so as to alter the polarity orientation or focus orientation.In comparison,feedbacks such as dui(对),shi(是),hao(好)and en(嗯)in conversations simply indicate a one-way inheritance of the other party's perspective framework for the expression of convergence.It does not show any opposition on the position in conversion or the interpretation of information.