基于“评估-优化”的历史城区小微公共空间更新方法--以北京什刹海历史文化街区为例

Micro Public Space Renovation Method in Historical Block Based on Evaluation-Optimization:The Example of Shichahai Historical and Cultural Block in Beijing

根据“安全、方便、舒适、美观”4个原则,构建基于“评估—优化”的历史城区小微公共空间更新方法。以北京什刹海历史文化街区为例,从“量”与“质”的维度对空间承载能力和服务水平进行评估,分析各社区在公共空间人口承载压力、机会空间潜力、空间质量等方面存在的关键问题,据此分社区制定公共空间提升目标,从安全韧性、便捷利民、舒适健康和美观整洁等4个方面提出各自的重点提升方向。同时,根据评估结果,从总量提升的角度对街区内的潜在小微公共空间进行补充与筛选,并运用典型小微公共空间个体要素的提取和对比方法对小微公共空间的规模属性、空间设施属性及经营管理属性进行干预,制定具有针对性的小微公共空间更新优化策略,以期从整体到个体系统地提升历史城区小微公共空间更新的综合效应。

The micro public space renovation method in historical block is established in the paper based on evaluation-optimization following the principles of"safety,convenience,comfort,and beauty".Taking the Shichahai historical and cultural block in Beijing as an example,its space carrying capacity and service level from quality and quantity dimensions are evaluated,and the major problems of its neighborhoods from public space population carrying pressure,opportunity space potential,space quality are studied.According to this,the public space improvement goals are formulated for each community,and their respective key improvement directions are proposed from four aspects:security resilience,convenience for residents,comfort and health,environmental cleanness and beauty.Based on the evaluation results,potential micro public spaces are screened and added to increase the general volume,and interventions are made on their attributes of space scale,facilities,and management via extraction and comparison methods of individual elements in typical micro public spaces.Renewal optimization strategies are made to improve the overall effects both generally and individually for the micro public spaces in historical blocks.