人口老龄化背景下某市医疗机构建筑无障碍水平调查研究

Accessibility evaluation of healthcare facilities in a city under the background of population aging

目的为当前老龄化时代和改善老年人的无障碍就医环境提供科学参考。方法2022年12月—2023年2月期间采用随机抽样法,抽取某市10家医疗机构的375名人员作为调查对象,发放自制的《医疗机构患者就医感受综合评分表(无障碍设施类)》调查问卷375份,获得有效问卷356份并进行了信效度检验。问卷设定6个无障碍水平调查指标,每个指标设1至10分,对建筑无障碍水平进行问卷调查,收集的资料采用数据秩和比法和四分图模型进行统计分析。结果某市医疗机构的建筑无障碍平均得分为35.86分,多个指标处于中等水平,提示无障碍水平有待进一步提高。同时,不同医疗机构的经济运营状况对无障碍建设有一定影响,无障碍建设还与当地政府建设规划、工作人员的无障碍建筑意识等因素有关。结论为了应对老龄化挑战,提高老年人就医质量,降低社保成本,某市医疗机构可采取停车位、厕所等方面的无障碍改造,提升无障碍AI技术应用,打造智慧化就医场景等措施;政府需加快完善配套政策法规,加大无障碍设施改造方面的支持力度;高等院校、科研院所等可与医疗机构协同创新,产、学、研、用一体化发展,促进成果转化。

Objective To provide a scientific benchmark for the era of population aging and improve the medical care environment for the elderly in terms of hospital facility accessibility.Methods A random sampling method was used to select 375 individuals from 10 healthcare institutions in a specified city as survey participants from December 2022 to February 2023.A total of 375 questionnaires titled“Comprehensive Rating Scale for Patient Experience in Medical Facilities(Accessibility Category)”were distributed among the participants,with 356 valid responses received and subjected to reliability and validity assessments.The questionnaire included 6 accessibility indicators,each rated from 1 to 10,to evaluate the accessibility level of healthcare facilities.The acquired data was analyzed using the Rank Sum Ratio method and the Four Quadrants model.Results The average score for building accessibility in the city’s medical institutions was 35.86,with several indicators at a moderate level,indicating a need for an improvement of the facility accessibility.Meanwhile,the economic operational status of various medical institutions appeared to influence the implementation of accessibility features,which also correlated with local government construction planning,staff awareness of accessible infrastructure,and other factors.Conclusion Medical facilities in cities could implement barrier-free modifications in parking,toilets,and other areas,improve the use of accessible AI technology,and develop intelligent medical scenarios in order to meet the challenges of an aging society,improve the medical care quality for the elderly,and reduce social security cost.The governments should accelerate the improvement of supportive policies and regulations and bolster support for the accessibility enhancements.Higher education and research institutions can collaborate with healthcare providers for innovative integration of industry academia,research,and application,fostering the conversion of research into practical solutions.