医院污水处理技术研究进展

Technical development of hospital wastewater treatment

医院污水来源及成分复杂,含有病原微生物、药物及其代谢产物、重金属、造影剂及抗性基因等。在国内新冠肺炎疫情反复的特殊时期,医院病人数快速增加,污水中相应的各类治疗药物、消毒药剂、病原微生物等大幅增加,如果不对污水进行有效处理,切断病原微生物和有毒有害物质进入环境的途径,将产生二次污染风险。从医院污水主要成分和特征出发,结合国家和省级相关政策和技术规范要求,分析现阶段国内医院污水处理现状和存在的问题,梳理现有医院污水常规和前沿治理技术,并提出相关对策和建议,以期为我国医院污水治理提供一定技术参考。

The source and composition of hospital wastewater are complex,including pathogenic microorganisms,chemical drugs and metabolites,heavy metals,contrast agents,resistance genes,etc.When it in a special period of repeated outbreaks of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19),the number of patients in the hospital is increasing rapidly,and the corresponding consumed therapeutic drugs,disinfectants,pathogenic microorganisms are increasing significantly.If the hospital wastewater is not effectively treated by cutting off the ways of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic and harmful substances into the environment,the risk caused by effluent would increase rapidly.This paper analyzes the current situation and problems of domestic hospital wastewater treatment,and clarifies the conventional and frontiers technologies on effluent treatment based on the main components and characteristics of hospital wastewater,and combines with the existing policies and technical specifications on hospital wastewater treatment.Finally,some relative countermeasures and constructive suggestions were proposed to provide some technical reference for the hospital wastewater treatment in China.