马铃薯不同器官中龙葵素含量的分布特征

Distribution characteristics of solanine content in different organs of potato

采用水浴浸提法提取3个马铃薯品种生长发育时期不同器官中的龙葵素,利用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定马铃薯生长发育阶段茎、块茎、花和叶片中龙葵素含量,研究孕蕾期、开花期、收获期马铃薯各器官中龙葵素含量动态变化及分配规律,为马铃薯饲用、食用安全和龙葵素提取及其形成的生理机制研究提供参考依据。结果表明,品种间龙葵素总含量高低顺序为:冀张薯8号>青薯9号>大西洋;生长发育时期龙葵素总含量顺序为:开花期>收获期>孕蕾期。3个品种在孕蕾期龙葵素总含量均表现为茎显著高于叶;在开花期冀张薯8号和青薯9号的幼嫩块茎的龙葵素含量均显著高于其他器官,而大西洋品种的叶中龙葵素含量显著高于其他器官。在孕蕾期,冀张薯8号、青薯9号和大西洋的叶、茎中龙葵素分配比例分别为35∶65、39∶61、44∶56;在开花期叶、茎、块茎、花中龙葵素分配比例分别为27∶18∶34∶21、29∶21∶34∶16、27∶23∶26∶24;在收获期叶、茎、块茎龙葵素分配比例分别为21∶52∶27、33∶42∶25、31∶44∶25。茎在马铃薯龙葵素积累分配过程中有重要作用。

We extracted the solanine of three varieties at various organs in different growth stages by water extraction method.The content of solanine in stems,tubers,flowers and leaves of potatoes during their growth and development were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The dynamic change and distribution of solanin content in different organs of potato during budding,flowering and harvesting stages were discussed,in a study to provide a reference basis for feed safety,food safety,solanine extraction and a physiological mechanism of solanine formation.The results showed that the order of all varieties of solanine content in different sampling times was Jizhangshu No.8>Qingshu No.9>Atlantic.Three varieties in the bud stage showed organ-solanine content was significantly higher than that of stem and leaf.Solanine content of Jizhangshu No.8 and Qingshu No.9 young tubers were significantly higher than those in other organs in the flowering period.The Atlantic solanine content in leaves was significantly higher than other organs.In the budding stage leaves,stems solanine allocation ratio of Jizhangshu No.8,Qingshu No.9 and the Atlantic was 35∶65,39∶61,44∶56;in the flowering period.,solanine allocation ratio in leaves,stems,flowers,tubers was 27∶18∶34∶21,29∶21∶34∶16,27∶23∶26∶24;in harvest period,solanine allocation ratio in leaves,stems,tubers was 21∶52∶27,33∶42∶25,31∶44∶25.The stem played an important role in the accumulation and distribution of solanin.