盐城地区初次献血者血清学检测不合格情况分析

Analysis of unqualified serological test of primary blood donors in Yancheng area

目的:回顾性分析盐城地区初次献血者与多次献血者输血四项相关传染病标志物(HBsAg,抗-HCV,抗-HIV,抗-TP)检测不合格率情况,了解影响初次献血者血清学检测不合格的因素。为改进街头招募征询方法,加强血液初筛,提供参考依据,提高无偿献血血液质量。方法:回顾分析2015年-2020年453991例无偿献血者的血清学检测结果,比较初次献血和多次献血者输血四项相关传染病标志物检测不合格情况。结果:①初次献血者总不合格率明显高于多次献血者;②初次献血者HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP不合格率明显高于多次献血者,由于采取归队策略导致初次献血者抗-HIV不合格率低于多次献血者;③年龄、性别、学历及职业均是检测结果相关的危险因素。随着年龄增长,献血者血液不合格的风险增加;男性比女性献血者血液不合格的风险增加;而随着学历提升,献血者血液输血四项相关传染病标志物不合格的风险降低;学生、医务人员相对于其他人群,输血四项相关传染病标志物不合格率明显较低。结论:盐城地区无偿献血人群中初次献血者比例逐年下降,且输血四项相关传染病标志物酶免检测不合格率明显高于多次献血者。在街头招募时,需加大对高危行为的征询力度,并加强抗-TP、HBsAg的初筛检测,严格把控血液初筛的质量控制。对学生、年轻人、医生等低危人群加大宣传招募力度,优化无偿献血招募的方法,做到精准招募,从采供血源头保证临床用血安全。

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the unqualified rate of four related infectious disease markers(HBsAg,anti HCV,anti HIV,anti TP)in blood transfusion of initial blood donors and multiple blood donors in Yancheng area,and understand the factors affecting the unqualified serological test of initial blood donors.To improve the method of street recruitment,strengthen the initial blood screening,provide reference,and improve the quality of blood donated without compensation.Methods:Review and analyze the serological test results of 453991 unpaid blood donors from 2015 to 2020,and compare the unqualified status of four infectious disease markers related to blood transfusion between initial blood donation and multiple blood donors.Results:①The total unqualified rate of primary blood donors was significantly higher than that of multiple blood donors;②The unqualified rate of HBsAg,anti HCV and anti TP in initial blood donors was significantly higher than that in multiple blood donors,and the unqualified rate of anti HIV in initial blood donors was lower than that in multiple blood donors due to the return strategy;③Age,sex,educational background and occupation are all risk factors related to the test results.With the increase of age,the risk of unqualified blood donors increases;The risk of unqualified blood of male donors was higher than that of female donors;With the improvement of educational background,the risk of unqualified four infectious disease markers related to blood transfusion among blood donors is reduced;Compared with other populations,the unqualified rate of four infectious disease markers related to blood transfusion among students and medical staff was significantly lower.Conclusion:The proportion of first-time blood donors among unpaid blood donors in Yancheng area has decreased year by year,and the unqualified rate of ELISA for four infectious disease markers related to blood transfusion is significantly higher than that of multiple blood donors:When recruiting in the street,it is necessary to strengthen the consultation of high-risk behaviors,strengthen the preliminary screening test of anti TP and HBsAg,and strictly control the quality control ofblood preliminary screening,Increase publicity and recruitment for students,young people,doctors and other low-risk people,optimize the method of unpaid blood donation recruitment,achieve accurate recruitment,and ensure the safety of clinical blood use from the source of blood collection and supply.