返乡青年参与乡村治理:实践基础、治理绩效与优化路径——基于皖南水镇的调研

Participation of Youth Back to the Countryside in Local Governance:Basis of Practical Experience,Governance Performance and Optimization Path:Based on the Investigation of Water Town in Southern Anhui

吸纳青年农民返乡担任农村干部是实现乡村组织振兴的重要路径。采用实地研究方法,通过对皖南水镇的治理变迁过程进行经验考察发现,农村家庭内部的代际支持为青年农民返乡参与乡村治理提供了良好的社会基础,在这一基础上,地方政府通过提高村干部经济待遇、完善村干部选任制度可以有效吸引青年农民返乡担任农村干部。由于长期在城市社会中学习、工作,青年农民往往有着更具现代性的治理理念、行为模式和能力结构,因此青年干部治村能够有效推动乡村治理的现代化进程;但由于长期脱离村庄,青年干部在价值取向、社会关联和认知结构等方面高度脱嵌于村庄社会,这给青年干部治村和乡村治理带来新的挑战。双重影响之下,青年干部主导的乡村治理表现为一种“脱嵌的现代化”形态。对此,可以通过建立村社本位的激励性薪酬制度、对青年干部开展社会化培养、构建组织化的“传帮带”机制,帮助青年干部实现对村庄社会的重新嵌入,从而规避治理主体脱嵌的不利影响,提高青年干部的治理绩效。

It is an important way to realize the revitalization of rural organizations to absorb young farmers to return home as rural cadres.Using the field research method,through the empirical investigation of the governance change process of the water town in southern Anhui,it is found that the intergenerational support within the rural family provides a good social foundation for young farmers to return home to participate in rural governance.On this basis,local governments can effectively attract young farmers to return home to serve as rural cadres by improving the economic treatment of village cadres and improving the selection and appointment system of village cadres.Due to long-term study and work in urban society,young farmers often have more modern governance concepts,behavior patterns and ability structures,so young cadres'village governance can effectively promote the modernization of rural governance;however,due to the long-term separation from the village,young cadres are highly embedded in the village society in terms of value orientation,social connection and cognitive structure,which makes young cadres'village governance bring new challenges to rural governance.Under the dual influence,the rural governance led by young cadres is manifested as a form of"disembedded modernization."In this regard,it is necessary to establish a village-based incentive compensation system,carry out socialized training for young cadres,and build an organized"mentoring"mechanism to help young cadres realize the re-embedding of village society,so as to avoid the adverse effects of the disembedding of governance subjects and improve the governance performance of young cadres.