复合菌群构建及其石油烃降解特性

Construction of complex bacteria and characteristics of their petroleum hydrocarbon degradation

为获得高效降解石油烃复合菌群,对实验室保存的菌株进行石油烃降解效果及原油4组分降解能力分析研究,筛选出了4株菌(A1、A3、Y3、Y4),对其进行ITS和16S rRNA分子鉴定,确认4株菌的分类信息,并优化高效降解菌株的复配方式。结果显示:A1属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、A3属于芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、Y3和Y4均为假丝酵母菌属(Candida);A1、A3、Y3、Y4对石油烃的降解率分别为42.27%、40.95%、62.02%、69.84%;其中Y4对烷烃和芳烃降解效果最佳,降解率分别为65.71%和23.69%,沥青质降解效果最好的是A1,胶质降解效果最好的是Y3,降解率分别为22.74%和21.22%,A3对各组分降解能力均衡;A1、A3、Y4复合的菌群降解效果最佳,其降解率高达83.11%,相较于单一菌株提高了1.19—2.03倍;A1、A3、Y4的最佳接种量比例为0.9∶0.9∶1.5,其降解率可达88.34%。该研究成功筛选出一种新的高效降解石油烃的菌群,对进一步研究和应用于石油污染治理具有重要指导意义。

The degradation performance of petroleum hydrocarbons and the ability to degrade four crude oil components were analyzed for the laboratory-preserved strains in order to obtain an efficient microbial consortium capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons.Four strains(A1,A3,Y3,Y4)were selected and classified through ITS and 16S rRNA molecular identification.The composition of the efficient consortium for degradation was optimized.The results reveal that A1 belong to the genus Acinetobacter,A3 belongs to the genus Bacillus,while Y3 and Y4 belong to the genus Candida.The degradation rates of petroleum hydrocarbons for A1,A3,Y3 and Y4 are 42.27%,40.95%,62.02%and 69.84%,respectively.Among them,Y4 exhibits the highest degradation performance for alkanes(65.71%)and aromatics(23.69%).A1 demonstrates the highest efficiency in degrading asphalt(22.74%),while Y3 exhibits the highest efficiency in degrading gum(21.22%).A3 displays balanced degradation capabilities for all components.The consortium consisting of A1,A3 and Y4 exhibits the highest degradation performance,with a significantly higher degradation rate of 83.11%compared to individual strains(1.19-2.03 times higher).The optimal inoculation ratio of A1,A3 and Y4 is determined to be 0.9∶0.9∶1.5,resulting in a degradation rate of 88.34%.This study successfully screens a new high-efficiency bacterial consortium for degrading petroleum hydrocarbons,providing important guidance for further research and application in petroleum pollution.